Effects Of Alcoholism On A Family - 1635 Words

â€Å"Approximately 26.8 million children are exposed to alcoholism in the family and 6.6 million children age 18 and younger live in households with at least one alcoholic parent† (Rachel Lohmann P.H.D. Broken Promises). As the numbers state alcoholism is a major problem in our society. Day after day young children, spouses, friends, and other family members are affected greatly by one alcoholic. In order to understand the full effects that alcoholism has on a family as a whole, it is crucial to understand what alcohol does to the body, why an alcoholic thinks the way that they do, behavioral traits of alcoholics, how children are affected by alcoholism in the home, and finally different forms of help that are offered for alcoholics. According to a clinical study published by The Medical College of Shantou University â€Å"Alcohol consumption has immediate effects on multiple cognitive-motor processing domains and leads to damage of multiple attention abilities†. In plainer terms alcohol messes with the chemicals in your brain that affects things like reaction time. Alcohol actually alters these chemicals, increasing and decreasing some. This change in chemicals is almost instantaneous, one of the main chemicals affected is dopamine. Dopamine is defined by psychologytoday.com as a neurotransmitter, a chemical that is responsible for transmitting signals in between the nerve cells of the brain. Basically, it is the chemical that is responsible for making us feel happy. DavidShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcoholism On The Alcoholic And Their Families1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Alcoholism Alcohol indefinitely changed my life. My husband is an alcoholic. What is alcoholism? Why do people drink? What are the effects on the alcoholic and their families? How do you know you have a problem. What is the treatment? Is there a cure? How has this affected my life? People from all walks of life drink. The difference is: do you control the alcohol or does it control you? Alcoholism is a constant battle that many people struggle with. Alcoholism formerlyRead MoreAlcoholism and Its Effects on a Family Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism and Its Effects on a Family Alcoholism, although thought mostly of its impact on the alcoholic themselves, it is also a very present problem in the ruining of his or her friends and their families lives. Someone who may be a fully functional, great person to his or her family may be extremely dangerous, dishonest, and destructive while they are underRead MoreAlcoholism and the Effects on Family Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesChris Landry Prof. Horowitz Synthesis Essay 10/26/07 Alcoholism and the Effects on a Family Alcoholism, although thought mostly of its impact on the alcoholic themselves, it is also a very present problem in the ruining of his or her friends and their families lives. Someone who may be a fully functional, great person to his or her family may be extremely dangerous, dishonest, and destructive while they are under the influence of alcohol. This instance occursRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On Family, Children, And The Individuals Suffering From Alcoholism988 Words   |  4 Pagestoday, alcoholism. I am sure that even if your life is not directly affected by the disease, you are at least a little familiar with the basics. In this paper I plan to give you a brief understanding of the three basic issues you should be informed upon so you can make better decisions involving alcohol in the future. First, I will discuss who is at the most risk of falling victim to alcoholism, second, I will discuss the symptoms of alcoholism, and finally I will discuss the impact alcoholism has onRead MoreEffects Of Alcoholism On Our Family Members, Friends, And School Mates1806 Words   |  8 Pagesorganization could be the key to saving the lives of our family members, friends, and school-mates. Imagine yourself in this position, what would you do next? Make the choice to help out. Drunk Driving The issue to be examined is Alcoholism in Licking county, what programs are already introduced, and why they are not working effectively. This is significant because alcoholism is a very difficult disease to prevent and treat. Alcoholism is classified as an addiction to the consumptionRead MoreAlcoholism : Alcoholism And Drug Dependence1054 Words   |  5 PagesAlcoholism is a problem affecting millions of families around the world. Based on the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc., Alcoholism is considered a family disease due to the amount of stress that family members go through (NCADD, 2016). Alcoholism is an addiction that requires treatment and support from family members and friends. It is important, to understand the effects that alcoholism can bring to the alcoholic and to the family members. Some of these effects cause healthRead MoreSoc 203 social problems1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Alcoholism: A Social Problem I. Introduction Alcoholism is a major social problem that not only has an impact on the life of an alcoholic, but family members as well as society. Alcoholism is the third most common mental illness that affects more than 17 million people in the United States according to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse. Alcoholism does not discriminate against age, race nor gender. II. Scope Alcoholism is defined as a disorderRead MoreAlcoholism: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects Composition I April 1, 1997 Alcoholism is a disease that affects many people in the United States today. It not only affects the alcoholic, but also their family, friends, co- workers, and eventually total strangers. The symptoms are many, as are the causes and the effects. Alcoholism is defined as a pattern of drinking in which harmful consequences result for the drinker, yet, they continue to drink. There are two types of drinkers. The first typeRead MoreAlcoholism : A Silent Killer1624 Words   |  7 Pageshome for me. Alcoholism is a silent killer in today’s society. Research proves that alcoholism effects the whole family from the inside out. Alcoholism within a family recreates unhealthy family roles in order to help adapt to living with an alcoholic. 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Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1 Free Essays

string(27) " exceed one lakh rupees\)\." These instructions are guidelines for filling the particulars in this Return Form. In case of any doubt, please refer to relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Assessment Year for which this Return Form is applicable This Return Form is applicable for assessment year 2010-2011 only, i. We will write a custom essay sample on Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. , it relates to income earned in Financial Year 2009-10.Who can use this Return Form This Return Form is to be used by an individual whose total income for the assessment year 2010-11 includes:(a) Income from Salary/ Pension; or (b) Income from One House Property (excluding cases where loss is brought forward from previous years); or (c) Income from Other Sources (Excluding Winning from Lottery and Income from Race Horses). Further, in a case where the income of another person like spouse, minor child, etc. is to be clubbed with the income of the assessee, this Return Form can be used only if the income being clubbed falls into the above income categories.Who cannot use this Return Form This Return Form should not be used by an individual whose total income for the assessment year 2010-11 includes,(a) Income from more than one house property; or (b) Income from Winnings from lottery or income from Race horses; or (c) Income under the head â€Å"Capital Gains†, which are not exempt from tax, e. g. , short-term capital gains or long-term capital gains from sale of house, plot, etc. ; or (d) Income from agriculture in excess of Rs. 5,000; or (e) Income from Business or Profession. Annexure-less Return Form No document (including TDS certificate) should be attached to this Return Form.All such documents enclosed with this Return Form will be detached and returned to the person filing the return. Manner of filing this Return Form This Return Form can be filed with the Income Tax Department in any of the following ways, (i) by furnishing the return in a paper form; (ii) by furnishing the return electronically under digital signature; (iii) by transmitting the data in the return electronically and thereafter submitting the verification of the return in Return Form ITR-V; (iv) by furnishing a Bar-coded return.Where the Return Form is furnished in the manner mentioned at 5(iii), the assessee should print out two copies of Form ITR-V. One copy of ITR-V, duly signed by the assessee, has to be sent by ordinary post to Post Bag No. 1, Electronic City Office, Bangaluru–560100 (Karnataka). The other copy may be retained by the assessee for his record. Filling out the acknowledgement Only one copy of this Return Form is required to be filed.Where the Return Form is furnished in the manner mentioned at 5(i) or at 5(iv), the acknowledgement slip attached with this Return Form should be duly filled. Codes for filling this Return Form Under the heading ‘Filing Status’ in the Return Form details have to be filled out regarding section under which the return is being filed on the basis of relevant codes. The codes corresponding to the section under which a return is being filed are as under:Sl. No. How the return is filed Code i. Voluntarily before the due date under section 139 11 ii. Voluntarily after the due date under section 139 12 iii. In response to notice under section 142(1) 13 iv. In response to notice under section 148 14 v. In response to notice under section 153A/ 153C 15 Obligation to file return Every individual whose total income before allowing deductions under Chapter VI-A of the Income-tax Act, exceeds the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income tax is obligated to furnish his return of income. The deductions under Chapter VI-A are mentioned in item 5 (â€Å"Income and Deductions†) of this Return Form.The maximum amount not chargeable to income tax in case of different categories of individuals is as follows:Sl. No. Category Amount (in Rs. ) i. In case of individuals below the age of 65 years (other than women) 1,60,000 ii. In case of women below the age of 65 years 1,90,000 iii. In case of individuals who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time 2,40,000 during the financial year 2009-10. Details to be filled in this Return Form The details to be filled out in this Return Form are self-explanatory.However, some of the items which are to be filled out have been explained below:(a) e-mail address and phone number are optional; (b) In â€Å"employer category†, Government category will include Central Government/ State Governments employees. PSU category will include public sector companies of Central Government and State Government; (c) In item 1, fill the details of salary/ pension as given in TDS certificate (Form 16) issued by the employer. However, if the income has not been computed correctly in Form No. 6, please make the correct computation and fill the same in this item. Further, in case there was more than one employer during the year, please furnish in this item the details in respect of total salaries from various employers. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. (d) In Item 3, please fill the details of Income which is chargeable to income-tax under the head â€Å"income from other sources† other than income from Winnings from Lotteries or Income from Race Horses. (e) In Item 27, please fill total of Exempt income including Dividend income etc. f) In item 6, fill the details of deductions allowable under following sections of Chapter VI-A as under:(i) Section 80C (Some of the major items for deduction under this section are- amount paid or deposited towards life insurance, contribution to Provident Fund set up by the Government, recognised Provident Fund, contribution by the assessee to an approved superannuation fund, subscription to National Savings Certificates, tuition fees, payment/ repayment for purposes of purchase or construction of a residential house and many other investments)(for full list, please refer to section 80C of the Income-tax Act) (Please note that as provided in section 80CCE, aggregate amount of deduction under section 80C, 80CCC and 80CCD shall not exceed one lakh rupees). You read "Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1" in category "Papers" ii) Section 80CCC (Deduction in respect of contr ibutions to certain pension funds) (iii) Section 80CCD (Deduction in respect of contributions to pension scheme of Central Government) (iv) Section 80D (Deduction in respect of Medical Insurance Premium) (v) Section 80DD (Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of dependent who is a person with disability) (vi) Section 80DDB (Deduction in respect of medical treatment, etc. ) (vii) Section 80E (Deduction in respect of interest on loan taken for higher education) (viii) Section 80G (Deduction in respect of donations to certain funds, charitable institutions, etc. ) (ix) Section 80GG (Deduction in respect of rents paid) (x) Section 80GGA (Deduction in respect of certain donations for scientific research or rural development) (xi) Section 80GGC (Deduction in respect of contributions given by any person to political parties) (xii) Section 80U (Deduction in case of a person with disability) (g) In item No. , the tax liability has to be computed for items as under:( i) In case of individuals (other than women and individuals who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time during the financial year 2009-10) Income (In Rs. ) Tax Liability (In Rs. ) Upto Rs. 1,60,000 Nil Between Rs. 1,60,001 – Rs. 3,00,000 10% of income in excess of Rs. 1,60,000 Between Rs. 3,00,001 – Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 14,000 + 20% of income in excess of Rs. 3,00,000 Above Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 54,000 + 30% of income in excess of Rs. 5,00,000 (ii) In case of women (other than women who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time during the financial year 2009-10)Income (In Rs. ) Tax Liability (In Rs. ) Upto Rs. ,90,000 Nil Between Rs. 1,90,001 – Rs. 3,00,000 10% of income in excess of Rs. 1,90,000 Between Rs. 3,00,001 – Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 11,000 + 20% of income in excess of Rs. 3,00,000 Above Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 51,000 + 30% of income in excess of Rs. 5,00,000 (iii) In case of individuals who are of the age of 65 years or more at any time during the financial year 2009-10Income (In Rs. ) Tax Liability (In Rs. ) Upto Rs. 2,40,000 Nil Between Rs. 2,40,001 – Rs. 3,00,000 10% of income in excess of Rs. 2,40,000 Between Rs. 3,00,001 – Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 6,000 + 20% of income in excess of Rs. 3,00,000 Above Rs. 5,00,000 Rs. 46,000 + 30% of income in excess of Rs. ,00,000 (h) There is no surcharge for AY 2010-11. (i) In item No. 9, calculate the education cess including secondary and higher education cess at the rate of three per cent of item No. 8 (j) In item No. 11, claim the relief, if any, allowable under section 89 in respect of arrears or advances of salary received during the year. In Item 12, enter details of any relief under sections 90/91. (k) In item 22- Please quote the MICR code of the bank if you desire to receive the refund through electronic clearing system (ECS). However, it may not be possible to issue the refund in all cases through ECS since the ECS facility is not available across the country. l) In items 23 and 24, please furnish the details in accordance with Form 16 issued by the employer(s) in respect of salary income and Form 16A issued by a person in respect of interest income and other sources of income. Further in order to enable the Income Tax Department to provide accurate, quicker and full credit for taxes deducted at source, the taxpayer must ensure to quote complete details of every TDS transaction. (m) In item No. 25, please enter details of tax payments, i. e. , advance tax and self-assessment tax made by you. (n) In item No. 26, the details of following transactions, if any, entered by you during the financial year 2009-10 are to be entered. (If a transaction is not entered, please leave blank the relevant column in this item). Sl.No Code Nature of transaction . 1. 001 Cash deposits aggregating to ten lakh rupees or more in a year in any savings account by you maintained in a banking company to which the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949), applied (including any bank or banking institution referred to in section 51 of that Act) Payment made by you against bills raised in respect of a credit card aggregating to two lakh rupees or more in a year. 3. 003 Payment made by you of an amount of two lakh rupees or more for purchase of units of Mutual Fund. 4. 004 Payment made by you of an amount of five lakh rupees or more for acquiring bonds or debentures issued by a company or institution. 5. 05 Payment made by you of an amount of one lakh rupees or more for acquiring shares issued by a company. 6. 006 Purchase by you of any immovable property valued at thirty lakh rupees or more. 7. 007 Sale by you of any immovable property valued at thirty lakh rupees or more. 8. 008 Payment made by you of an amount of five lakh rupees or more in a year for investment in bonds issued by Reserve Bank of India. (o)In Item No. 27 – Please enter details of all exempt incomes, e. g. , Dividend Income, Income from long-term capital gains on which securities transaction tax has been paid. Income from agriculture not exceeding Rs. 5,000, etc. (p) In Item No. 8 – This return can be prepared by a Tax Return Preparer (TRP) also in accordance with the Tax Return Preparer Scheme, 2006 dated 28th November, 2006. If the return has been prepared by him, the relevant details have to be filled by him in item No. 28 and the return has to be countersigned by him in the space provided in the said item. The Tax Return Preparer is entitled to a maximum fees of Rs. 250/- from the taxpayer. TRP is also entitled to a reimbursement from the Government for following three years as under:(i) 3 per cent of the tax paid on the income declared in the return for the first eligible assessment year (first eligible assessment year means the assessment year if o return has been furnished for at least three assessment years preceding to that assessment year); (ii) 2 per cent of the tax paid on the income declared in the return for the second eligible assessment year (second eligible assessment year means the assessment year immediately following the first eli gible assessment year); (iii) 1 per cent of the tax paid on the income declared in the return for the third eligible assessment year (third eligible assessment year means the assessment year immediately following the second eligible assessment year); For these three eligible assessment years, the TRP will be eligible for the fee from the taxpayer to the extent of the amount by which Rs. 250/- exceeds the amount of reimbursement receivable by him from the Government. 10.How to compute In the case of salaried employees, perquisites have to be valued in accordance with the notification No. SO. 3245(E) dated 18. 12. 2009, for the purposes of including their value in the salary income. How to compute Income from Salary (In case of multiple employers replicate items 1 to 6 for additional employers) Name of Employer 1: 1 Salary (Excluding all allowances, perquisites profit in lieu of salary)from Form 16 1 2 Allowances exempt under section 10 (not to be included in 2 Salary) 3 Allowances not exempt 3 4 Value of perquisites 4 5 Profits in lieu of salary 5 6 Taxable Salary from Employer 1 (1+3+4+5) 6 To be mentioned in Item 1 of ITR 1 Return Form ?Total Salary Income How to compute Income from House Property 1 House Property Annual letable value/ rent received or receivable (higher if let out for whole of the year, lower a 1a if let out for part of the year) 1b b The amount of rent which cannot be realized 1c c Tax paid to local authorities 1d d Total ( 1b + 1c) e Balance (1a – 1d) 1e 1f f 30% of 1e Interest payable on borrowed capital (restricted to Rs 1g g 1,50,000 if NOT ‘Let Out’) h Total (1f + 1g) 1h i Income from house property 1 (1e – 1h) 1i 4 Income under the head â€Å"Income from house property† a Rent of earlier years realized under section 25A/AA 4a b Arrears of rent received during the year under section 25B after deducting 30% 4b To be mentioned in Item 2 of this Return Form ? Total Income from House Property (4a c 4c + 4b + 1i)Please include the income, if any, of specified persons such as minor children while computing the income under this head, if property NOTE is in their name HOUSE PROPERTY SALARIES 2. 002 How to compute Income from Other Sources (In case of multiple FD interest, other interest from savings account fill the total in item 1b) 1 Income other than from owning race horse(s):a Taxable Dividends, Gross 1a b Interest, Gross 1b Rental income from machinery, plants, buildings, c 1c etc. Gross d Others, Gross 1d e Total (1a + 1b + 1c + 1d) 1e f Deductions under section 57:fi i Expenses fii ii Depreciation fiii iii Total g Balance (1e – fiii) 1g 2 To be mentioned in Item 3 of this Return Form ? Total Income from other sources (1e + 1g) 2 Please include the income, if any, of specified persons such as minor children while computing the income under this head, if FD etc is NOTE in their name. How to compute Exempt Income (Income not to be included in Total Income) 1 Interest income 2 Dividend income 3 Long-term capital gains on which Securities Transaction Tax is paid 4 Net Agriculture income (not exceeding Rs. 5,000) 5 Others, including exempt income of minor child 6 To be mentioned in Item 27 of this Return Form ?Total (1+2+3+4+5) How to compute deduction under section 80G (Please list donations of different types below) A Donations entitled for 100% deduction (eg Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund) Name of donee i ii iii Total DETAILS OF DONATIONS Donations entitled for 50% deduction where donee not required to be approved under section B 80G(5) (vi) (eg Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund) Name of donee i ii iii Total Donations entitled for 50% deduction where donee is required to be approved under section C 80G(5) (vi) (eligible donation is restricted to 10 % of Total Income after other deductions) Name and address of donee i ii iii Total To be mentioned in Item 6 of this Return Form ? Total Deduction under Section 80 G = D {100% of Aiii + 50 % of Biii + 50% of [Maximum of 10% of Total Income After Other Deductions ((Item 4 – Sum of Items (5a to 5l except 5h)) or (Ciii)]} OTHER SOURCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 EXEMPT INCOME Amoun t of donation Ai Aii Aiii Amount of donation Bi Bii Biii Amount of donation Ci Cii Ciii D How to cite Instructions for Filling Out Income Tax Return Form Saral-Ii Itr-1, Papers

Little Wing Analysis free essay sample

Little Wing has arguably become one of their most celebrated songs, and can perhaps be said to be Hendrix most endearing ballad. This essay will attempt to analyses how aspects of the music have given it such an admirably distinct character. The sound is somewhat determined by the rock trio instrumentation, and the most defining aspect is arguably Hendrix guitar playing.Hendrix guitar was tuned a semitone down for the recording, and this had the effect of creating a denser tone than would be reduced normally, and made certain guitar techniques easier. Through this and other sound-shaping processes, such as assumed choosing his Scoutmasters neck or middle pickup to give a Warm tone, keeping the sound clean, and using the Octavia effects pedal [Brown 1997: 163; Sieves 1989], Hendrix produced a rich tone for the rhythm guitar part.The Leslie Speaker [Brown 1997: 160,163; Kramer McDermott 1992] that Jim ran both his guitar [Junior 2008: 110, 111] and voice through has a prominent effect upon the mix, more obviously upon the vocals. The choice mostly sounds in front of the listener In the stereo image, but the speaker makes a part of the signal flicker to the right. In conjunction with a slight phasing [Brown 1997: 163; Kramer McDermott 1992] of the signal, the split vocal sounds slightly out of time with itself, and the overall effect gives the voice a delicate, ethereal quality, which is complimented by the timbre of the glockenspiel.The tonal centre of the song is be, and the form is five repetitions of the same harmonic structure, with the last repetition fading out after four bars. The opening cycle Is Just guitar and glockenspiel, until a drum fill In bar 10 signifies the approach of verse 1. This contrasts with Stings and Derek and the Dominoes versions, which fade in straight to a verse and begin with a full-band riff respectively. In verse 1, the bass and vocals are added to the texture, which remains the same for two verses.The fourth cycle, which is a guitar solo, is anticipated by a dive bomb using the guitars tremolo arm, and introduces a lead guitar part over the original rhythm part, which now mostly strums the changes. The fifth cycle continues the solo until the fade out. For most of the song there is a 4/4 feel, yet come the 89th bars of each cycle the beat becomes harder to trace. As the Cb at that point lasts for only two beats, it seems that bar 8 is in 2/4, and that bar 9 then returns to 4/4, showing an instance of harmonic rhythm dictating metric feel. The chord progression is as follows: be, b, ABA, be-7, b, A, ABA, Cb, KGB, Feb., Cb, and Db. The A and Feb. are not diatonic to the key of be minor, and whilst A Is a passing chord between b and ABA, the Feb. seems more tractably significant. Because of this, Brown [1997] states the Intermediary chords arise from contrapuntal motion between the V chord in measure 5 and the VII chord in measures 9-10, suggesting that the chords between b and Db are not of much structural importance. However, if these chords were omitted, the harmonic character of the song would become so different that it seems they cannot be merely decorative. It Is perhaps more apt to consider bars 6-8 (or Just 6-7) as being in the that bars 9 (or 8) to 10 return to the tonic key. The melody is decorative throughout, featuring mordents, double stops, and come the solo, pitch bends. In cycle 1, the guitar melody outlines the chord changes by beginning each bar with a bass root note, doubled by the glockenspiel. The melody seemingly alters the harmony in cycle one from what is described above. For instance, the first bar of the other cycles is simply be, but the phrases on the last two beats of bar 1 suggest KGB and ABA, leading the melody convincingly into the KGB phrases of the next bar.In bar 2, rather than imply being b, the hammer-on to and repeated striking of B on the 3rd and 4th beats suggests Suburbs. Bar 5 has a C in the top voice, evoking bad, which makes this the first non-diatonic phrase in the song. The ending of the double-stop phrase Ninth Be and KGB in bar 6 suggests, along with the Cb from the ABA chord, Cb/Be. In bar seven, starting on beat 2, descending parallel TTS imply bombard, Gabbed, and Faded. Yet another 9th is used to color the following Cb, and another double stop phrase ends the opening guitar section with Db/F of first beat of bar 10.The extensive effects, psychedelic lyrics, and extended solo perhaps make the song seem typical of acid rock. Yet it is significant that the effects are conservative compared to other songs on the album rather than seeming alien and surreal, they highlight a delicate quality. Whats more, the subject matter is more understandable than other songs of the time, as it is trying to communicate an emotional experience. And lastly, t is the Juxtaposition of the raw solo with the delicate, decorative rhythm guitar that s poignant, as both tenderness [Brown 1997: 163] and passion are evoked. The culmination of these things is the essence of the song an invocation of the feelings Hendrix experienced playing at the Monterey Pop Festival put in the form of a Hendrix 1994: 70] a sense of communal intimacy encapsulated in an image of desire and affection. Through the combination of the constituent parts of the music, Hendrix tries to communicate the feelings he had as a universal message. Inch is apt when one considers it was released in the year of the Summer of Love.

Rooselvelt Essays - Delano Family, Livingston Family,

Rooselvelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States. Roosevelt served longer than any other president. His unprecedented election to four terms in office will probably never be repeated; the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, passed after his death, denies the right of any person to be elected president more than twice. Roosevelt held office during two of the greatest crises ever faced by the United States: the Great Depression of the 1930s, followed by World War II. His domestic program, known as the New Deal, introduced far-reaching reforms within the free enterprise system and prepared the way for what is often called the welfare state. His leadership of the Democratic Party transformed it into a political vehicle for American liberalism. Both in peacetime and in war his impact on the office of president was enormous. Although there had been strong presidents before him, they were the exception. In Roosevelt's 12 years in office strong executive leadership became a basic part of United States government. He made the office of president the center of diplomatic initiative and the focus of domestic reform. Roosevelt was born at his family's estate at Hyde Park, in Dutchess County, New York. He was the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt. James Roosevelt was a moderately successful businessman, with a variety of investments and a special interest in coal. He was also a conservative Democrat who was interested in politics. His home overlooking the Hudson River was comfortable without being ostentatious, and the family occupied a prominent position among the social elite of the area. Sara Delano, 26 years younger than her previously widowed husband, brought to the marriage a fortune considerably larger than that of James Roosevelt. The Delano family had prospered trading with China, and Sara herself had spent some time with her parents in Hong Kong. Thus, Franklin was born into a pleasant and sociable home, with loving parents and congenial, rather aristocratic companions. Roosevelt often taken on European trips, and he also spent much time at a vacation home that James Roosevelt purchased on Campobello Island, on the Bay of Fundy, in New Brunswick, Canada. It was a pleasant life for the young Roosevelt, who was fond of the outdoors. He soon developed a passionate interest in natural history and became an ardent bird watcher. He grew to love outdoor sports and became an expert swimmer and a fine sailor. His mother supervised his education until he was 14. French-speaking and German-speaking tutors did most of the actual instruction and helped him develop early a talent for those languages. Young Roosevelt was a voracious reader. He was particularly fond of adventure tales, especially those that touched on the sea. He also developed an absorbing interest in stamp collecting, a hobby that taught him both history and geography and that was to afford him pleasure and relaxation during all of his adult life. Rossevelts selected Groton School in Massachusetts, which had a reputation as one of the finest of the exclusive private schools that prepared boys for the Ivy League colleges. Young Roosevelt was a good student, popular with his fellow students as well as with his teachers. From Groton Roosevelt went on to Harvard College. He entered in 1899, the year before his father died, and remained until 1904. He took his bachelor's degree in 1903 but returned to Harvard in the fall to serve as editor of the student newspaper, The Crimson. He was an above-average student at Harvard, but he devoted a great deal of time to extracurricular activities, and his grades suffered as a consequence. He was particularly interested in history and political economy and took courses in those subjects with outstanding professors. Although he was a competent journalist, his editorials in The Crimson were chiefly concerned with school spirit in athletics and show no sign of growing social consciousness or political awareness. However, he joined a Republican club in 1900, out of boyish enthusiasm for the vice-presidential candidacy of his distant cousin Theodore Roosevelt. In 1904 he cast his first vote in a presidential election for his cousin, who had become president after the a ssassination of President William McKinley in 1901.

The Hardest ACT Reading Questions Ever

The Hardest ACT Reading Questions Ever SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re aiming for a top score on the ACT Reading section, you probably want to know what the hardest questions look like so you’re prepared for everything the test throws at you. In this article, I’ll walk you through the answers to some of the toughest questions I’ve seen on the ACT Reading section. Why exactly are they so hard? How do you tackle them? How well will you do? Challenge yourself for that top score. Detail Questions Detail Questions will ask you to paraphrase or analyze a specific part of the passage.These questions can be difficult because they require a strong understanding of the author's specfic viewpoint and a high level of reading comprehension. Here’s one of the hardest detail questions about the narrator’s point of view that I’ve come across on the ACT: In the last paragraph, a comparison is made between "diminished excellence" and "flawed competence." From the narrator's point of view, the conditions are different because the one is: F. a source of sorrow while the other is a source of pride.G. based in the family while the other is based in the self.H. inherent in the environment while the other is inherent in the individual.J. a sign that the individual can improve the world while the other is a sign that the individual can't. This is the comparison the question refers to: We plan makers are accustomed to things turning out not-quite-as-good-as-we-had-in-mind. Our world view includes the â€Å"diminished excellence† component. Diminished excellence is a condition of the world and therefore never an occasion for sorrow, whereas flawed competence comes out of character and therefore is frequently the reason for the bowed head, the furrowed brow. How do we go about solving a question like this? First, we need to establish what the narrator is saying about the difference between diminished excellence and flawed competence. What is diminished excellence, according to the passage? It’s a â€Å"condition of the world† and â€Å"never an occasion for sorrow†.Diminished excellence is not something to be sad about because it’s out of our control and exists naturally in the world. Ok, how about flawed competence? In contrast, flawed competence â€Å"comes out of character† and is a reason for â€Å"the bowed head†.Flawed competence is a part of the individual, not an immutable condition of the world, so it can be cause for distress. Ok, we know the difference. Now let’s examine the answer choices. Choice F:a source of sorrow while the other is a source of pride Well, one of them is a source of some degree of sorrow (flawed competence), but neither is a source of pride, so this doesn’t work. Nope, this is an irrelevant answer! Choice G:based in the family while the other is based in the self Again, this is sort of half-correct in that flawed competence is based in the self. However, diminished excellence is not based in the family - it’s based in the world at large. Nothing in this answer choice describes diminished excellence. Cross this one out too! Choice H:inherent in the environment while the other is inherent in the individual This seems likely.Diminished excellence is described as a â€Å"condition of the world†, so it’s inherent in the environment.Flawed competence â€Å"comes out of character†, so it’s inherent in the individual. Keep this one! Choice J:a sign that the individual can improve the world while the other is a sign that the individual can’t This is a confusing answer choice, because we don’t see either of the conditions described as signs of anything in the passage.Diminished excellence could be interpreted as a sign that the individual can’t improve the world, but flawed competence certainly isn’t any kind of sign that an individual CAN improve it. This answer is a weird concept jumble - get rid of it! Choice H is our answer! This question was tough because it asked us to consider and compare two complicated ideas in the passage.We had to grapple with abstract concepts as well as be very specific with our answer choice. You can see, however, that when we closely examine the direct evidence and definitions provided, it becomes very clear which answers should be eliminated. If you come across unfamiliar concepts in the passage that you need to understand to answer a question, sometimes it's helpful to write down their definitions in a simpler form next to the question so you can stay focused. Sometimes you have to look at things from the author's point of view on the ACT, even if you can tell he's someone who wears ugly glasses and stares off into the sunset wondering why he wasted the best years of his life. Development and Function Questions Development and function questions ask about the structure of the reading passage and how certain lines or paragraphs contribute to its meaning.These questions can be difficult because you have to have a strong understanding of the argument presented in the passage and how each piece of the passage fits into that argument. Here’s one of the hardest ACT questions I’ve seen in this category: The author uses the events listed in lines 77-79 primarily to: F. show how weather-related disasters threatened the survival of Western civilization.G. criticize subsistence-level agriculture as being too dependent on the weather.H. illustrate how environmental determinism operated in the Little Ice Age.J. suggest the part that climate shifts may have had in producing modern Europe. Here are is the paragraph we need to reference: Consider, for instance, the food crises that engulfed Europe during the Little Ice Age - the great hunger of 1315 to 1319, the food dearths of 1741, and 1816, "the year without a summer" - to mention only a few. These crises in themselves did not threaten the continued existence of Western civilization, but they surely played an important role in the formation of modern Europe. Some of these crises resulted from climactic shifts, others from human ineptitude or disastrous economic or political policy; many from a combination of all three. Environmental determinism may be intellectually bankrupt, but climate change is the ignored player on the historical stage. I have the whole paragraph copied here, rather than just the lines in the question, because it’s necessary to read beyond the lines to get the right answer. That’s part of what makes this question difficult. All right - how do we solve this? First, let's figure out what the question is asking. What is the primary purpose of lines 77-79?It’s important not to miss the world "primary" in this question because some of the answer choices are tricky.They might support the author’s point, but they’re not her primary reason for using those lines. Now let’s go through the answer choices and see which one works. Choice F:show how weather-related disasters threatened the survival of Western civilization If you just read the lines mentioned in the question, you might think this answer was plausible.This is why it’s important to make sure to read the whole paragraph surrounding the lines to get the context.In the next sentence, the author specifically says these crises â€Å"did not threaten the continued existence of Western civilization†. This is an opposite answer - get rid of it! Choice G:criticize subsistence-level agriculture as being too dependent on the weather Hmm - it does seem based on these lines that subsistence-level agriculture was too dependent on the weather.But was that the primary point the author was trying to make by citing these crises?No, this answer misses the larger point even if it makes sense on a factual level. Eliminate it! Choice H:illustrate how environmental determinism operated in the Little Ice Age This answer choice would be easier to understand if you had the whole passage to look at, but the Little Ice Age is a time period of climate instability that was described earlier in the passage.These crises did occur during that time period, so that part makes sense. But is the author trying to support environmental determinism?She says it’s â€Å"intellectually bankrupt† at the end of the paragraph. This answer is slightly off - cross it out! Choice J:suggest the part that climate shifts might have had in producing modern Europe This seems right.The paragraph says the crises â€Å"surely played an important role in the formation of modern Europe†, so that's a pretty close paraphrase of this answer choice. This one’s a winner! Choice J is our answer! You’ll notice that the correct answer choice was the last one, so this question could be particularly difficult if you were rushing on the test.Some of the other choices also seem partially right at first glance. That’s why reading carefully and making sure every part of an answer makes sense is so important. That guy on the right is SO done with everyone he knows dying from malnutrition. Inference Questions Perhaps the most difficult ACT Reading questions are those that ask you to make inferences about the passage.This requires more developed extended reasoning skills and a deep understanding of the points being made by the author. Meaning in context questions are a subset of inference questions. They will ask you to look at specific lines in a passage to infer and then paraphrase their meaning. Here is an example of a very difficult meaning in context question on the ACT: Which of the following statements best paraphrases lines 5-8? A. The imagination lacks value and should be ignored in favor of paying attention to the actual world.B. Reason can enhance the imagination but at the expense of experience in the actual world.C. Rather than become isolated, the imagination should connect to the actual world at least occasionally.D. Reason, not the imagination, is the best way to appreciate and enrich the actual world. Here are the lines we’ll need to reference: A mind risks real ignorance for the sometimes paltry prize of an imagination enriched. The trick of reason is to get the imagination to seize the actual world - if only from time to time. This question is so difficult because the lines it references deal with a somewhat confusing and high-level concept. The answer choices also combine a lot of different concepts that are included in the lines but don't necessarily answer the question correctly. Ok, time to solve this. First, let’s try and understand what the lines are saying. What does the first sentence mean? A mind risks real ignorance for the sometimes paltry prize of an imagination enriched. It seems like it's saying that people often gain an enriched imagination at the expense of their knowledge of the real world.â€Å"Real ignorance† is the price they pay for an â€Å"imagination enriched†. Ok, how about the second sentence? The trick of reason is to get the imagination to seize the actual world - if only from time to time. It's saying that in order to overcome the problem in the first sentence, you have to get your imagination to connect with or â€Å"seize† the real world sometimes. It seems like we have a pretty good understanding of the sentiment in the passage: imagination can make you lose touch with the real world if you don’t bridge the gap between the two sometimes. Now let's go through the answer choices. Choice A:The imagination lacks value and should be ignored in favor of paying attention to the actual world. Hmm this sounds pretty extreme. Even though the author does say that you shouldn’t totally lose yourself in imagination, there’s no mention of ignoring it.She says imagination should â€Å"seize the actual world†, so the two are compatible. Imagination doesn’t â€Å"lack value†. This answer is incorrect! Choice B:Reason can enhance the imagination but at the expense of experience in the actual world. This is definitely an opposite answer. How can reason enhance your imagination if you are sacrificing real world experience?The author’s point is that reason should allow you to enhance your imagination by occasionally putting imagination in the context of your experiences in the real world. Eliminate this one! Choice C:Rather than become isolated, the imagination should connect to the actual world at least occasionally. Looking promising. The author definitely says that the imagination shouldn’t be isolated from the real world or the imaginer â€Å"risks real ignorance†.She also says imagination should â€Å"seize the actual world - if only from time to time†. This seems synonymous with connecting â€Å"to the actual world at least occasionally†. Keep this one! Choice D:Reason, not the imagination, is the best way to appreciate and enrich the real world. This is a plausible interpretation of what the author says, but it’s still not correct.It seems like she does believe that imagination can cause you to lose touch with the real world, so it might not be the best way to appreciate or enrich the real world.However, that’s not the point specifically being made in these sentences. Eliminate this one! Choice C is our answer! These answer choices were very difficult because almost all of them included a plausible element, even though only one was close enough to the meaning of the lines to answer the question correctly.This is common with inference or meaning in context questions, which is why reading the question carefully and being ruthless about eliminating answers that aren’t a perfect match is so crucial! What is the "actual world" anyway? How do we know our imaginations aren't, like, just as real? Duuuude. Review The hardest questions on the ACT Reading section ask you to analyze abstract concepts and paraphrase complex viewpoints expressed in passages. Often the answer choices provided will seem plausible or provide a statement that is true but does not directly answer the question being asked. No matter how difficult or confusing a question seems, you can always find the answer by referring to direct evidence from the passage.If you read carefully and don’t stray from the information you are given, you will get all of these questions right every time! What's Next? Read these articles for tips on how to approach ACT Reading passages and to learn more about the four types of passages you'll see on the test. Do you keep running out of time on the ACT Reading section? Learn about how to avoid the time crunch. If you're already achieving high scores on the Reading section and want to know how you can take it to the next level, check out our article on how to get a 36 on ACT Reading. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

10 Cheap Ways to Get Books for Class

10 Cheap Ways to Get Books for Class College classes are a chance to expand your mind, explore new subjects, meet new people and learn more than you ever wanted to know about just how expensive books can be. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to find books on the cheap. These helpful hints can trim down your book budget, see also how to find money for education, and help you to work smarter instead of harder. Find Out If You Need the Textbook First Plenty of courses have a recommended textbook and plenty of students know that doesn’t mean youll actually use them. Each year, thousands of students buy expensive textbooks they open once and then throw into a corner to collect dust until the end of the school year. Talk to former students or ask your professor or TA directly if youll need the textbook. Shop Online Secondhand books have become a huge industry online. Websites like ABE and Alibris specialize in out of print and hard to find titles – including textbooks. Amazon also offers quite a few options – including a marketplace solely dedicated to used and secondhand books. When shopping online for textbooks, there are a few tips that can help make sure you find a great deal. Ask About the Edition – Some textbooks go through major revisions every year. Others move the placement of a comma and release it as an Updated Edition. Trawl through the Table of Content, look for a list of updates and changes or simply ask your professor if an older version is fine for the course. Being able to buy an older edition could slash the cost of a textbook in half. Check the Condition – Secondhand books are, by their very nature, used. However, not all students go through a Highlight Fever phase so many textbooks are in great shape with little, if any, marks or highlights. Others, however, can be so marked up that youll start to think the previous owner fostered a deep seated marker scent addiction. If a textbook is priced especially low, be sure to check the notes on its condition. If youre able to ignore marks and notes in the margins, then a heavily used copy will be a lot cheaper than one with little or no marks. Cast the Net Wide – When looking for textbooks online, be sure to include websites that arent completely dedicated to books. Both eBay and Craigslist can be great places to find used textbooks, especially if you manage to search right after a semester ends. Plenty of students try to sell their own textbooks directly and some even sell them as a lot on sites like Craigslist. Factor in Shipping – When you buy books online, they could be coming from anywhere. If youve only started to look for textbooks a few weeks before class starts, be sure theyll arrive in time. Also factor in the shipping costs – textbooks are notoriously heavy. Get Local If your university is near a major city, be sure to check out the local thrift stores. Many students dont bother trying to resell their old textbooks and you may be surprised how many end up on the bookshelves of a local charity shop. While the editions may be older, if your course doesn’t require the most up to date edition, picking up a used copy at a thrift store could make a real difference in how much you end up paying for books. Consider International Editions International editions of major textbooks have the same content as domestic editions. The difference typically has to do with the quality of paper and other materials used to publish the book. These books are not available through US websites or stores. That means youll need to consider extra shipping costs and more shipping time since youll be ordering from abroad. Explore E-Book Options These days, more and more publishers are offering electronic versions of popular university and higher education textbooks. Although you wont be able to easily resell these books once the class is over, they are typically priced much lower than their traditional counterparts. Rent Them! Renting textbooks has become the newest way for students to help take the crunch out of their book budgets. Smaller websites like Textbook Rentals and Book Renter have become hot buzzwords on college campuses. Even the book giants Amazon and Barnes Noble are beginning to get into the textbook rental business. Although currently there are a limited number of books you can rent, its growing popularity suggests that soon students will be able to rent everything from Accounting 101 to Zoology 999. There are many expenses associated with getting a college degree. Paying for tuition and class fees is really the top of the iceberg. Books come a close second in terms of how much of your education budget but these tips can help lessen the sting of buying books for every class. Freeing up a bit of money by getting textbooks cheaper means less stress on your budget and your mind which can make your next semester a lot easier.

Red Ball Express Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Red Ball Express - Research Paper Example In comparison to such scenarios of war from the past, the modern way of warfare is quite different in terms of dimension and pace. In today’s time, due to automated and mechanized forces, long distances can be crossed at a velocity that could previously not be perceived by the best war leaders of the old era. With the invention of automated and mechanized armed forces, expedite transportation became possible. However, along with this speed of transportation, a new requirement developed. Inventing new, highly capable fuels in abundant amounts was now required to sufficiently maintain and run these engines of mechanized war equipment. Further comparison of the ancient times of warfare to the modern day situation illustrates that previously the armies had to keep sufficient supplies of goods like barley, hay and oats for the long distances that had to be covered. This has now been replaced by the need to ensure supply of energy sources like petroleum, oil and other lubricants, PO L, which constitutes the ‘modern-day’ need of the United States army. The older techniques of warfare started to fade and the army started the usage of vehicles and trucks in warfare since the year 1911. The Red Ball Express was a creation during the period of the Second World War for the management of the supplies during the war. There were many underlying reasons that led to the formation of the Red Ball Express and then to its discontinuation (Anders 2011). In the year 1918, on November 15th, the Third Army was formed and because of its efficient working and success in its operations, it was given the authority of handling the functioning and working of the Red Ball Express. They had the power to control the posting of the units of the Red Ball Express according to their decisions. Following its formation, the Third Army was given a high command with regard to all the army decisions during the periods of wars. The Third Army played an active role in the Second World War; it trained armed forces for the purpose of the war. Its success was indicated by the victory of the army against the Nazis of Germany (Province 2011). The Third Army was inactivated from duties of war and the army was given administrative duties in the year 1947. It was completely abolished in the year 1973. However, an insight of history shows that on 3rd December, 1982, an official function was done at Fort McPherson to officially announce the same status of the Third Army as before. Third U.S. Army was activated again. The army was to be regulated by Lt. Gen. M. Collier Ross. High profile army personnel were present at the occasion (Pike 2011). Keeping in mind the overall aspects that gave birth to mechanized and fast paced wars, it can be said that World War II was the first war which utilized all the technological innovations and modern warfare techniques. Due to exceptionally high consumption of POL, throughout the war the demand remained sky high in most of the countries of the world. TORCH, an operation that initiated in North Africa was a very small scale project but still its requirements of fuel were as high as ten million gallons. â€Å"Blitz†, which was basically a 5 gallon container, was manufactured by Allied logistics, and these were brought to use. Not only this, a number of oil tankers, trucks and pipelines that carried oil were utilized to meet the increasing oil demands. These preparations were basically for the

Reflective on Customer Relationship Management Strategy Case Study

Reflective on Customer Relationship Management Strategy - Case Study Example Specifically, the report attempts to narrate the background of the necessity of a CRM plan from the company's perspective and objectives for which CRM plan was developed. Furthermore, I have tried to portray the challenges that the company has faced and the prescribed the ways to overcome those challenges. The essay is concluded with my experience of doing an informative project and the lessons I learned out of my experience. Now, I feel that if I had been given little more time for completion, the project would have been much better. The CRM project has bee done as a part of my curriculum in the Business System Integration Coursework for the week 5-10. The project has been completed in association with other students who have been selected for the group to which I belong. The assigned project was to prepare a CRM plan and Implementation strategy for a big company- Alcatel Company, which has been in telecom and entertainment industry for last several years. The main aim of the project was to provide a practical exposure to the students as to how integrating business system works and how effectively CRM strategies can be framed and implemented. Apart from that, it attempts to equip the students with the knowledge and experience about teamwork and communication skills. The work starts with situation analysis of the company to know about where it stands and where it wants to reach and what is the difference between the two states. After analyzing the background of the company, the next task was to propose a CRM plan and implementation strategy so that the company can overcome its present problems and challenges. The work has touched almost all functional areas, which have a bearing upon the CRM plan and its implementation. The project was concluded with suggestions and recommendations to further improve the CRM plan effectiveness and reach the goal of customer loyalty and sustainability. All efforts have been put to make the work most efficiently and contributing prosperity to the company.Aims and Objectives 1. To enhance the knowledge about Business System Integration To get acquainted with how to formulate and implement CRM strategies Apply CRM concepts to real-life business situations 2. To realize the effectiveness of teamwork in contrast to working in isolation and develop team working skill The group emphasized on teamwork and every decision was taken in consultation with all team members Held meetings regularly to discuss difficulties, solutions, plans, and processes3. To undertake the assignment in a professional manner and complete it successfully Devote enough time to come up with the best CRM strategy appropriate for the company Extensive research of books, articles and other secondary sources on CRM implementation.

Kodak Strategy Essay Example for Free

Kodak Strategy Essay The first Kodak camera led to the creation of their first slogan: â€Å"You press the button – we do the rest†. He named the brand of camera Kodak because it was short, it would not be mispronounced, and the name was unique in the business. (Gartrell, n. d. ) By the late 19th century and early 1900’s, advertising played a major role in Kodak’s marketing and promotion strategy. As a result, Kodak became a household word. Today, the Kodak name has become entrenched in home town America. It is known for being very American since its photo spots can be seen at iconic patriotic hot spots like Disneyland. In addition â€Å"Kodak Moments† help make it a household name for photography and imaging. (Wikinvest, 2007) Kodak has always dominated the â€Å"holy trinity of film†; film, paper and chemicals. (Upbin, 2000, para #8) Kodak’s big concern is to remain competitive in the market place. The Eastman Kodak company had to take on some strong competition, such as Polaroid, who is famous for instant photography. Kodak began to sell their version of the instant camera in June 1976 to expand its market. The camera was called the Pronto which spit out a picture card which formed into a picture before the photographers eyes. The idea was successful and although Kodak’s ten picture pack of film was more expensive than Polaroid’s, several Japanese companies made cameras that used the new Kodak Film. (Time Magazine, 1976) Soon after, the disposable camera became popular. According to statistics, U. S. sales of disposable cameras grew 30% a year. Kodak sells more than anyone else, allowing Kodak to have sufficient cash flow to invest in a digital future. In the mid 1990’s Kodak’s innovators began to dabble with digital photography. In fact, they invented the first digital camera and realized that digital technology would transform their business. By the year 2000, Kodak had sunk more than $5 billion into digital investments during the 1990s, but received only $20 million in digital earnings in 1999 to show for it. Daniel Carp, the latest Chief Executive at Eastman Kodak stated that â€Å"digital can generate half of revenue and quarter of profits by 2005†. (Upbin, 2000, para. #3) So why wasn’t Kodak getting a return on their investment? One of the main issues that plagued the Eastman Kodak Company was not their innovation, but their timing in their marketing strategy and their assessment of the adaptability of its consumers. Kodak missed out on several holiday seasons where digital camera growth was high and failed to get a leg up on the competition back in 1996. The company was unable to â€Å"wean itself† from traditional film business. They have three major customer bases. The first is the Photofinishing Group which makes up almost 1/3 of sales. This group is made up of Kodak’s traditional film products and services that the average customer uses, plus products used by the film industry to reproduce and distribute motion pictures. The second group, not formed until 2003, is the Graphic Communications Group (GCG). It’s Kodak’s largest division which includes document imaging and digital printing services for businesses. The third group relates to healthcare services and is called the Health Group. This group specializes in healthcare imaging products such as x-ray devices and specialized films. To catch up to their competition, Kodak created a fourth group, the Consumer Digital Group, to change their main product line from traditional film to digital products. They turned their focus to digital cameras and printers, photo kiosks (like at CVS and Wal-Mart) and online photo sharing. Wikinvest, 2007) The problem was they did not react to the market until almost 2 years after their fierce competitors, such as Hewlett Packard, Canon, and Sony began to overtake the business. The irony is that although Kodak created many digital products that were ahead of their time, such as the Photo CD and high-end digital cameras, Kodak continued to focus their marketing strategy on the investor rat her than the customer. It is unfortunate because many of the digital imaging products that Kodak introduced, and that we still use today, did not get the commitment they deserved from their creators. Because of their own corporate reluctance to replace their main base of income (traditional film), many investors questioned whether it was too late for Kodak to join the digital age. (Nikondigital. org, 2007, para. #2) Timing was not the only problem. Kodak had digital competition from the evolution of the internet, the Sony Corporation, Hewlett Packard, and Canon, to name a few. Despite the invention of the digital camera, Kodak fell behind in efficiency profit margins and sheer sales. The company failed to market other media devices leaving Hewlett Packard and Lexmark to dominate the printer industry. Kodak is now trying to catch up in that area. Kodak needed to make several adjustments in their marketing strategy, develop their product line, promote their product, rethink their distribution efforts and develop a pricing strategy to steal market shares from industry leaders. With a new management philosophy and marketing strategy, Kodak realized the need to adjust its consumables. Most of Kodak’s traditional photography was based on their services, their paper and ink. With the addition of digital imagery, that had to change. Chemicals, to produce the photos were no longer needed for digital photography. How could Kodak compensate for the changing technology? Putting their innovators to the test, Kodak came up with the EasyShare family of cameras. It became one of Kodak’s biggest successes. Even today, it is still the â€Å"simplest way to get started in digital† photography. (Nikondigital. org, 2007, para. #7) Kodak developed this type of camera by studying how camera users take and print pictures and how it fits into their daily lives. Their research paid off. Kodak focused on low-priced, easy-to-use cameras that would appeal to women, who take the majority of snapshots. In 2004 the competition with Sony, the largest digital camera maker, paid off with a rise from a 5% market share in 2000 to a 19% share in 2004. (Hansell, 2004) In addition to the EasyShare system, category expansion has increased Kodak’s consumer base. One of the ways they accomplished this is by developing effective partnerships. To compete with some of the industry leaders, Kodak developed the â€Å"Kodak Gallery† an online photo sharing site which allows consumers to upload their photos and share them with friends and family. This competes with sites like Shutterfly and Photobucket. It recently partnered with Martha Stewart, Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon. com. (Wikinvest, 2007) Kodak has also planned investment in Lucky Film, Co. Ltd which will strengthen its position in Asia, and has increased its interest in medical markets. They have acquired PracticeWorks, a leader in digital dental imaging, and have improved their economic performance with Kodak Directview PACS System 5 for radiologists. (Eastman Kodak Company, 2004) To promote their products, Kodak has used the traditional advertising as well as some creative promotion techniques. Kodak wants to develop the customers of traditional cameras into future consumers of digital products. One of the ways they are doing this is donating 5,000 traditional cameras to those provinces in China that are not familiar with photography. As China’s rural areas become more economically independent, Kodak hopes to capture the market. This allows Kodak to continue its traditional (bread and butter) line of products to third world nations while focusing the digital sales to the United States, Canada and some European countries. (China Daily, 2004) One way to focus those sales in the U. S. is Kodak’s distribution to direct marketers who want to customize their flyers or retail changes that need variable posters. Digital technology makes it possible to economically print custom copies of anything and at almost any volume. They want to â€Å"elevate print and other visual communications for creativity and commerce†. (Sherburne, 2007, para. #3) Kodak is introducing the MarketMover Network, designed to focus on small business in a similar fashion that the Kodak Creative Network does, where the consumers create the photo books, calendars and flyers. Finally, Kodak’s pricing strategies had to be dramatic. One of the best things we hear about Kodak is the â€Å"quality of their service†. The problem is the competition is rapidly meeting Kodak’s quality standards. In 2007, Kodak developed KOS, the Kodak Operating System to streamline the production system and incorporate that into all aspects of Kodak’s operations. It changed their management philosophy. This had some effect on not only their marketing strategies, but their pricing strategies. In the past, companies were willing to sacrifice profits on the â€Å"durable† portion of their product – the printer, to make money on the â€Å"consumable† portion – printer cartridges. In February of that year, Kodak announced a new pricing strategy. It was a long term competitive dynamic disruption strategy. The strategy was aimed at reducing the cost of printing photos for the average consumer. Consumers will have to change their behavior to focus on printing costs instead of hardware costs. (Neff, 2007) In addition, the new printers will not have as many features as Hewlett-Packard printers currently have. This could corner an aging market that has not wanted to purchase â€Å"fancy† printers due to the challenge of technology. However, there is a growing share of private label recycled ink cartridges. Kodak will need to maintain their focus not only on the pricing of their ink cartridges, but they should reinforce the â€Å"quality† aspect of their product. During the past two decades, the Eastman Kodak has struggled with the advent of digital photography. What sets Kodak apart? Kodak is not a computer company, nor is Kodak a company which dabbles in several industries. They are focused on print products and photography.

A Contributing Member of Society :: Law College Admissions Essays

A Contributing Member of Society "My immediate goal is to gain admission to the College of Law. I know that I will be able to receive a top-notch education that will allow me to fulfill my potential as a contributing member of society. As a young boy, I dreamed of becoming a police officer or a fireman. Of course, many young boys my age harbored similar aspirations. However, I was not attracted to these professions for their obvious action and bravado. What made the people who performed these jobs special to me is that they stood up for others. They protected others when they could not help themselves. For me, they represented justice. In retrospect, I know these early admirations laid the foundation for my future interest in law. Another strong influence in my life has been the work of my father. As a business agent for the Teamster's Union and later as the president of the Transit Worker's Union Local 100, he was always mired in important labor negotiations. My father advocated and garnered better wages, benefits, and working conditions for his fellow public employees. It became clear to me that my father was performing a necessary, if not noble service in helping hard-working people attain a better livelihood. What was hard for me to understand, though, was that he had to fight for this. I asked him why the union was often at odds with the city. He explained that the city government had competing responsibilities to its workers, taxpayers, and the bottom line. In other words, they had to make the transit system run efficiently. The point he was trying to make is that there are two sides to every conflict and usually neither side is totally right or entirely wrong. This is a belief that I hold in the highest regard today. It can be applied to everything from labor relations, to a murder trial, and even to situations as relatively trivial as bickering neighbors. By the time I had reached high school I was fascinated with the social sciences. I relished my classes in civics, government, and history. During the course of my studies in high school I became more interested in the law and consequently the practice of it. This interest must have been sparked by my passion for helping people, my father's work, and societal improvement.

How resources are allocated Essay

An economic system is the result of individuals (consumers and producers), groups (firms, trade unions, political parties, families etc) and the government coming together and interacting in a legal and social society. The function of an economic system is to resolve the basic economic problem – scarcity which means that the resources are limited but wants are infinite. This distribution has three dimensions: * What is to be produced * How is it to be produced * For whom is it to be produced. There are 2 economic systems which are commonly used world-wide. There are: the free market system in which the role for the government is limited and the planned system where the government takes viturally total control. In both of these systmes there are different methods of resource allocation used. There are economies that use a mixture of these systems in particular the planned and free market system also known as the mixed economy in which some of the decisions resource allocation are done by the government and other by the public. In a free market economy: *The factors of production are owned by private individuals or groups of individuals who own the resources. They then rent them out to the firms so that they can produce the goods and services. *Everyone is motivated by pure self interest. Consumers maximise welfare, firms maximise profits and privated individuals aim to maximise rents, wages interest and profit. *Firms can sell anything they want. They respond to the consumers who are allowed to by anything that is sold by the producers. *The level of competition is very high. Firms are competing desperately for customers and the consumers are competing with each other for the goods on offer How are resources allocated under a market mechanism? What is to be produced? In a pure free market, it is the consumer which determines the allocation of resources. Consumers are sovereign. Each consumer has a free choice on the amount of money to spend on goods and services. Firms with the money recieved, buy the factors of production needed to produce goods and sercives. In other words in a free market a firm will only produce what the consumers are prepared to buy. The consumers are the ones to dicate the goods that should be produced. For example the public decides that they want to buy more product X than product Y. The increase in demand for product X will increase the price at first. The production of product X will increase since many new first will get attracted with the idea of profit and at the same time the level of competition will increase. On the other hand for product Y the demand will fall along with profits. In general there is a transfer of resources from one industry to another. How will it be produced? There is competition between the various firms. Consumers will buy from the producers which offer the lowest price. So producers must produce at lowest cost. This then determines how goods are produced. The firms will adpot the lowest cost technique of production hence resulting in productive efficiency and allocative efficiency For whom will it be produced? The amount of money the consumers spend is determined by their income. This affects the factors of production since those with high invomes will be able to consume more of the goods whlist those with low income can only buy few  goods and services. There are some advantages in a free market economy: *Resources are allocated more efficiently. *There will be a much larger choice of goods and services *Firms will keep on innovating and produce better quality products since there is a high level of competition *Higher economic growth rates – Economic systems with a free market model have grown much faster than those with a command economy. For example with the restaurant Mac Donald’s the demand is high because the consumers find it convenient to just drop by and have a meal within a matter of minutes, and since the consumers demand more the supply of it is also large. A command economy has a very powerful government sector and the workets and consumers are subordinate. The resources are allocated through a planning mechanism. Some goods and services are prvided free and some rationed or sold The characteristics of a command economy: * Factors of prodction are owned publicly by the government * No one think of himself – Everyone is assumed to be working for the common good * There are no free enterprise * There is very little competition which gives rise to black markets * Since there is no competition there is no price mechanism. The authorities  set the prices, and they are forced to set the prices low to make sure that it is affordable to everyone * The government has the responsability of planning how all the resources should be used. The decide what should be produced and in what quantities. In other words they set the output and price levels. What is to be produced? The consumer does not have any control at all on what will be produced. The planners or the government decide what will be produced, but the main problem which arouses is that the government does not know what exactly the consumers need. In other words supply is dictated by a governing body which tries to predict demand however this process is very difficult and it leads to heavy losses. How will it be produced? There is no such thing as firms in a planned economy. The government direct the resources into producing â€Å"units† They have no autonomy, so basically the government decides the quantities of output and the methods of production For whom will it be produced? The government tries to distribute the output of the economy more fairly. Wages are determined by the planners and so are the prices of the goods produced. So the government is effectively determining how much each consumer can consume. They also believe that all consumers get equal amounts. Advantages of a planned economy: * The strong government will make sure that public and merit goods are consumed that the right levls and that demerit goods are banned or taxed heavily * The government will try to make sure that nobody falls through the safety net. It will be a fairer economy even though it is likely to be less successful overall. * Command economies can make sure that the prodction processes that they chose are as environmentally friendly as possible. They should be able to make sure that the level of output is the socially optimal level of output. For example in Russia the government decided to produce jeans at a large scale but people were importing levis jeans and were selling them for a much cheaper price. this meant that the government lost a lot of money since they predicted that the people needed jeans but in reality they did not and even though they lowered the prices there were still huge amounts of stock which was not sold. A mixed economy as the name implies is a mixture of a planned economy and a free enterpirse economy. In pure practice no pure planned economies or free enterprise economies exist in the world. It is a mixture of the two extremes and the degree of mixing depends and varies from one society or country to another. Characteristics of a mixed economy: * The government owns some of the country’s factors of production publicly and some are owned privately * The market part of the economy will be motivated by self interest. First will maximise profit consumers will maximise their welfare and the factor owners will maximise rent interest and profit. The government on the other side has the common good goal. * There are only free enterprises in the free market part of the economy * The level of competition will vary on the degree of mix. and it will depnd on the market structure. * The price mechanism operates in the private sector. its efficiency depends on how competitive the market structures are. The government run activities. Many countries or economic systems have attempted to solve the resource allocation problem by reaching a compromise between the free market and planned economy systems. For example a governing body may decide that the production possibility frontier (ppf) has potential to increase if education and health services are provded to the public and thus enforces this, thus supplying it for free – this must be paid for by taxes which encourage a planned economy approach. However the remainder of the economy follows a free-market model The government needs to decide the perfect balance between these two factors. If people are healthier then they are more educated and the more educated the healthier. This means that they firms will be able to have better qualified workers. This in turn will mean that the taxes will increase and the government will get more money. This money can be invested into improvements in technology and resulting in an increase in the ppf. For example the UK offers free NHS this means that more money can be spent on education and train people and this can lead to an improvement in techonology. On the other hand the better the education means that people are better qualified and more people can become doctors and thus it will improve health services. Though there are 3 main types of economic systems which sue three different methods of resource allocation, there is often, in developed countries a tendency to use mixed economic methods in which both aspects of the free market and the planned economy are present. In developing countries there are approaches to the problem of resource allocation using all 3 methods. In a free market economy supply is dictated by demand, the bigger the demand the bigger the supply and thus the price of the product is given. In a planned economy the governing body makes those decisions, supply is dictated by a governing body which tries to predict demand however this proves very  difficult and it supplies goods to its wish and in a mixed economy supply of certain guds is dictated by a governing body and the others by demand.

Psychological research Essay

Eyewitness memory for details of an event can be affected at the registration stage by witness factors and event factors. Witness factors include age, stress and expectations. For example, several studies have shown that children typically give fewer details about an event they have witnessed than adults. Similarly, List (1986) found that older people may also recall less than younger people. In addition, even though a high level of arousal (stress) would increase your level of performance, too much arousal would lower it. That is to say that a very frightened person will start to repress memories and force them to the back of their mind where they can never be retrieved again. Information is lost with the passage of time, which can be explained by the trace decay theory of forgetting. Over time, â€Å"basic† information is retained, especially from a significant event. Much of the detail is lost, and misleading information is typically given after an event if participants are able to recall this new information as if they’d seen it. However, this might only be partial. As with the influence of exposure time on memory, this too was demonstrated by Ebbinghaus (1885). It has also been shown in a naturalistic study of long term forgetting, carried out by Wagenaar and Groeneweg in1990. Seventy-eight survivors of the concentration camp, Camp Erika, were interviewed between 1984 and 1987 about their camp experiences. The information they gave was compared with earlier evidence they had given just after the end of the war. There was general agreement in the later interviews on basic information. All but three of the thirty-eight people who had been tortured by the camp commandant, for example, remembered his name. However, much of the detail had been lost. In conclusion, while basic information may be well remembered over time, details tend to be forgotten. On the whole, storage factors can affect recall. Basic information is often retained, but detailed information is lost over time. Memory can be supplemented by later information. It can be distorted by misleading information, known as the misinformation effect. This can also lead to completely inaccurate information being given. The misinformation effect has been challenged in terms of whether it is the result of memory impairment of the effects of bias in the testing situation.

Study Tips for Math Homework and Math Tests

Study Tips for Math Homework and Math Tests There are several ways to study math. Some students need to use as many practice questions as possible, while other students can benefit by listening to the math lecture over and over. Find out which math tips help you most. Study Tips for Math at Home Make photocopies of textbook problems. Math books give you sample problems to solve, but they often dont give you enough similar problems to help you understand a process. You can photocopy or scan a page with good samples and re-work the problems several times, perhaps once a day. By solving the same problems over and over, youll better understand the processes that you go through.Buy used textbooks.  Sometimes we dont understand a concept because the explanation is just plain bad or its not written in a way we can understand. Its good to have an alternate text that gives alternate explanations and additional sample problems to work out. Many used bookstores will have inexpensive texts.Study actively.  Dont just work out a problem. Draw pictures and diagrams of a process and make up stories to go along with them. If you are an auditory learner you may want to make brief recordings of yourself defining some terms or processes. Read about helpful​ tactile learning tips  a nd  visual learning tips. Read actively.  Use sticky note flags to mark important things in your chapter or things you need to ask about in class. If you have a sample problem that youve worked out and youd like to have similar problems for additional practice, mark it with a flag and ask the teacher in class. Read the end of your assigned chapter first. Take a look at the problems youll be solving to get a preview of your goals. This gives your brain a framework to work with.Make flashcards for terms.  Flashcards are good for visual and tactile learners. They reinforce information as you see it and as you create it with your own hand.Use college prep study guides.  If you cant find an old textbook to use in addition to your class text, try using an SAT, ACT, or CLEP study guide. They often provide great explanations and sample problems. You can also find free online study guides for these tests.Take breaks.  If you come across a problem that you dont understand, read it over a few times and try- but then walk away from it and make a sandwich or do some other small task (not other homework). Your brain will continue to work on the problem subconsciously. Study Tips for Math in Class Review yesterdays notes before class.  In the minutes before class starts, look over notes from yesterday. Determine if there are any sample problems or concepts you should ask about.Record lectures.  If the teacher allows it, record your class. You will often find that you miss small steps in your notes or you dont quite pick up on an explanation that the teacher gives. A class recording will pick up everything. Auditory learners will really benefit from listening. Remember, just because your math class lasts 45 minutes, dont think youre going to end up with 45 minutes of lecture to listen to. Youll find that the actual talking time is about 15 minutes.Ask for extra sample problems.  Ask your teacher to solve sample problems. Thats a teachers job! Dont let a topic go by if you dont get it. Dont be shy.Draw anything the teacher draws.  If the teacher makes a drawing on the board, you should always copy it. Even if you dont think its important at the time or you dont understan d it at the time. You will! Study Tips for Math Tests Review old tests.  Old tests are the best clues to future tests. They are good for establishing a strong foundation for the newer information, but they also provide insight as to how the teacher thinks.Practice neatness.  How unfortunate would it be to miss a test question out of sloppiness? Its important to make sure you can line up problems neatly so you dont confuse yourself, and also to make sure you can tell your sevens from your ones.Find a study partner.  Youve heard it before, but its worth repeating. A study partner can test you and help you understand things you cant get on your own.Understand the process.  You sometimes hear that it doesnt matter how you come up with the right answer, just as long as you get there. This is not always true. You should always strive to understand an equation or a process.Is it logical?  As you work out a story problem, always give your answer the logic test. For example, if you are asked to find the speed of a car traveling between two distances, you are probably in trouble if your answer is 750 mph. Apply the logic test as you study so you dont repeat a faulty process during your test. xnynznx^{n} y^{n} z^{n} xn yn zn

10 Fascinating Facts About Dung Beetles

10 Fascinating Facts About Dung Beetles Is there anything cooler than a dung beetle pushing a ball of poo? We think not. But lest you disagree, please consider these 10 fascinating facts about dung beetles. 1. Dung Beetles Eat Poop Dung beetles are coprophagous insects, meaning they eat excrement of other organisms. Although not all dung beetles eat poop exclusively, they all eat feces at some point in their life. Most prefer to feed on herbivore droppings, which are largely undigested plant matter, rather than carnivore waste, which holds very little nutritional value for insects (and really, who could blame them for that preference). Recent research at the University of Nebraska suggests dung beetles may be most attracted to omnivore excrement, since it provides both nutritional value and the right amount of odor to make it easy to find. 2.  Not All Dung Beetles Roll Their Poop When you think of a dung beetle, you probably picture a beetle pushing a ball of poop along the ground. But some dung beetles don’t bother rolling neat little dung balls at all. Instead, these coprophages stay close to their fecal finds. Aphodian dung beetles (subfamily Aphodiinae) simply live within the dung they find, often cow patties, rather than investing energy in moving it. The earth-boring dung beetles (family Geotrupidae) typically tunnel below the dung pile, making a burrow which can then be easily provisioned with poop. 3. Dung Beetles Provision Their Nests With Poop for Their Offspring When dung beetles do carry or roll the dung away, they do so primarily to feed their young. Dung beetle nests are provisioned with poop, and the female usually deposits each individual egg in its own tiny dung sausage. When the larvae emerge, they are well-supplied with food, enabling them to complete their development within the safe environment of the nest. 4. Many Dung Beetles Are Good Parents Dung beetles are one of the few groups of insects that exhibit parental care for their young. In most cases, child rearing responsibilities fall on the mother (surprise!), who constructs the nest and provisions it with food for her young. But in certain species, both parents share child care duties to some degree. In the Copris and Ontophagus dung beetles, the male and female work together to dig their nests. Certain Cephalodesmius dung beetles even mate for life. 5. Most Dung Beetles Are Particular About the Poop They’ll Eat For most dung beetles, not just any poop will do. Many dung beetles specialize on the dung of particular animals, or types of animals, and simply will not touch the poo of other critters. Australians learned this lesson the hard way, when the outback was nearly buried in cattle dung. Two hundred years ago, settlers introduced horses, sheep, and cattle to Australia, all grazing animals that were new to the native dung beetles. The Australian dung beetles were raised on poop from Down Under, like kangaroo poo, and refused to clean up after the exotic newcomers. Around 1960, Australia imported exotic dung beetles that were adapted to eating cattle dung, and things got back to normal. Phew. 6. Dung Beetles Are Really Good at Finding Poop When it comes to poop, the fresher the better (at least from the dung beetles perspective). Once a dung patty has dried out, it’s less palatable to even the most dedicated poop eater. So dung beetles move quickly when an herbivore drops a gift in the pasture. One scientist observed 4,000 dung beetles on a fresh pile of elephant scat within 15 minutes after it hit the ground, and shortly thereafter, they were joined by an additional 12,000 dung beetles. With that kind of competition, you have to move quick if you’re a dung beetle. 7. Dung Beetles Navigate Using the Milky Way With so many dung beetles vying for the same pile of poop, a beetle needs to make a quick getaway once he’s rolled his dung ball. But it’s not easy to roll a ball of poop in a straight line, especially when you’re pushing your ball from behind using your hind legs. So the first thing the dung beetle does is climb atop his sphere and orient himself. Scientists had long observed dung beetles dancing on their poo balls, and suspected they were looking for cues to help them navigate. New research confirmed that at least one species of African dung beetle, Scarabaeus satyrus, uses the Milky Way as a guide to steering its dung ball home. The researchers placed tiny hats on the dung beetles, effectively blocking their view of the heavens, and found the dung beetles could only wander aimlessly without being able to see the stars. 8. Dung Beetles Use Their Poop Balls to Cool Off Have you ever walked barefoot across a sandy beach on a scorching hot summer day? If so, you probably did your share of hopping, skipping, and running to avoid painful burns to your feet. Since dung beetles often live in similarly hot, sunny places, scientists wondered if they, too, worried about burning their tootsies. A recent study showed that dung beetles use their dung balls to cool off. Around noon, when the sun is at its peak, dung beetles will routinely climb atop their dung balls to give their feet a break from the hot ground. The scientists tried putting tiny, silicone booties on the dung beetles, and they discovered the beetles wearing shoes would take fewer breaks and push their dung balls longer than the beetles that were barefoot. Thermal imaging also showed that the dung balls were measurably cooler than the surrounding environment, probably because of their moisture content. 9. Some Dung Beetles Are Surprisingly Strong Even a small ball of fresh dung can be hefty to push, weighing 50 times the weight of the determined dung beetle. Male dung beetles need exceptional strength, not just for pushing dung balls but also for fending off male competitors. The individual strength record goes to a male Onthphagus taurus dung beetle, which pulled a load equivalent to 1,141 times its own body weight. How does this compare to human feats of strength? This would be like a 150 lb. person pulling 80 tons! 10. Millions of Years Ago, Ancient Dung Beetles Cleaned up After Prehistoric Giants Because they lack bones, insects rarely show up in the fossil record. But we do know that dung beetles existed around 30 million years ago, because paleontologists have found fossilized dung balls the size of tennis balls from that time period. Prehistoric dung beetles collected the poop of South America’s megafauna: car-sized armadillos, sloths taller than modern houses, and a peculiar long-necked herbivore called Macrauchenia.

Dq-4.1-Sheila Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dq-4.1-Sheila - Coursework Example The socio-technical system is one of the new systems that are employed firms to enhance better performance among their teams of workers working at different levels globally. This system coordinates workers easily thus team work is embraced. Other improved communication channels also play a major role here. Such technologies include Blackberry phones, iPhones and android phones. This paper is going to highlight how the communication in departments and teams can be improved by these innovations. A socio-technical system is a combination of technology and the people in the society. It is an operational system that enhances the working together of all the members in the society using the available techniques (Bass, 2012). Due to this reason, most organizations and business firms employ the socio-technical systems that are easy to adopt. They use these systems to make communication an instant thing in their operations despite the distance between workers. There are various types of socio-technical systems that have been put in use by many globally operating firms (Horspool, 2011). Some of them include Skype, online chats, emails and video conferencing. All of these systems require some components to operate effectively. There are some parts that are common to all of the socio-technical systems. These parts are the software, hardware, procedures, and the people using the system (Frederiksen, 2013). In my workplace we use videoconferencing to hold some board meetings with regional managers in different parts of the world. The use of videoconferencing and Skype can be classified as socio-technical. Therefore, the socio-technical system is also in use at my work area. Knowledge workers who are dispersed to far places in the world sometimes face difficulty of communication. The socio-technical systems are some of the few opportunities available for these team members to connect without being disturbed with the distance. Due to this there is need