What Is ADHD and How Does It Affect Kids - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 804 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: ADHD essay Did you like this example? Article Review Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder which disrupts attention and concentration among children affecting normal growth and development. According to the article, the disorder affects about 10% of high schoolers in the US (Cho Blair, 2017). The article evaluates the extent of various interventions in preventing problem behaviors and improving classroom engagement of students with ADHD. The interventions include involving replacement skills, a change of behavior consequences and enhancing the activities students engage in class. Summary The article provides findings from a study conducted on two students and their teacher. The first study subject was Sam, a Caucasian male, 13 years and diagnosed with ADHD and OHI at 8 years. The second subject was Katrina a Caucasian female, 12 years and also diagnosed at the age of 9 with ADHD, emotional and behavior defects, and OHI. The teacher aged 30 years was experienced to provide special education. Two observers participated in collecting data and overseeing that all procedures take place as planned. The data presented students academic performance and behavioral problems. The data were collected 3 to 4 times a week, and each session lasted for 40 minutes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is ADHD and How Does It Affect Kids?" essay for you Create order The study used a fidelity checklist, and each student was assigned various strategies for implementation. The social behaviors were recorded using a Linkert-types scale. The teacher reviewed the subjects individualized education program (IEP) and recorded FBA data. The hypothesis created a baseline for both reading and writing. Data collection lasted for four weeks, and the results recorded. Both students had correlated behaviors and academic engagement problems. Katrina showed more behavioral problems than academic engagement problems while Sam showed more problems than behavioral problems. The behavioral patterns for both students portrayed insignificant change. The study found out that improved replacement skills, changed behavior consequences and improved class activities are effective strategies teachers can use on students with ADHD and other related behavior problems. Critique The author identifies more than one strategy to assess its effectiveness of students with behavior problems. The inclusion of the three strategies ensured that the results were successful. Stating the aim of the study, the author creates more emphasis by focusing on students in high school; as ADHD mostly affects young children. The study clearly states the hypothesis and identifies subjects. The authors engage data and statistics from CDC to portray the seriousness of behavioral problems and the reason why the teachers should employ better intervention strategies. As a result, because the study has solid support from legislative Acts and the CDC, it is, therefore, relevant and useful. The authors agree with Act 504 Rehabilitation Act, by stating that children with disabilities should receive the necessary care and provided with all the resources which would help them cope with their problems. The study uses as a selected sample of students with disabilities and in high school. However, the sample size is small and fails to act entirely as a representative. It is vague to use the data of two students to generalize that all students with ADHD and related problems will do well under improved replacement skills, changed behavior consequences and improved class activities. Additionally, a small sample size increases the chances of errors and uncertainties for the entire research as one of the subjects may have a lower response rate. The study implemented different recording techniques. Data recording was not consistent as it relied on different study tools such as the Linkert scale and 10-s partial intervention system. Each of the tools had functioned differently. Using different tools recording scales in academic and behavioral assessment may have contributed to inconsistent results and a high error margin. Additionally, the study used a teacher to record the results, something which could affect the reliability of the outcomes since the teacher was not proficient in such studies. It then portrays that the authors did not consider the fundamental concepts required to study the behavior of children with ADHD. However, the authors could also argue that using the teacher to record the responses of the students was necessary to maintain normal learning conditions for the students. People with behavioral problems are sensitive to strangers, and therefore a new figure could affect the findings of the study. The Study was a success, and the authors were able to prove the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in helping students with ADHD. The study methods, however, have to be re-evaluated because of flaws which could affect the credibility of the whole study. Additionally, the sample size was not sufficient and could give biased and inconsistent results. It would also be reliable if the study used consistent data collection methods as different methods for each qualitative techniques could cause more errors. However, the overall research is excellent except for some few problems which could have been corrected. It provides a clear illustration of how teachers should use multicomponent studies to provide special education to students with ADHD.

The Problem Of Lack Of Reading Habits - 1584 Words

According to Shapiro (2014), since 1984, the percent of 13-year-olds all over the world who are weekly readers went down from 70% to 53%, and the percent of 17-year-olds who are weekly readers went from 64% to 40%. The percent of 17-year-olds who never or hardly ever read tripled during this period, from 9% to 27% (as cited in American government studies). Analyzing, abovementioned statistics it is clearly seen that lack of reading habits is considered to be one of the biggest problems in the world nowadays. The main objective of this essay is to provide possible solutions to solve the problem: firstly, show to people famous and influential role examples who prefer to read, remind people about the positive consequences of reading and lastly, open a reading clubs. The problem of lack of reading habits originates from the beginning of the 21st century. The main reason for the problem is breakthrough in technology such as TV and Internet, as they have replaced books in the case of source of information. According to Shmeleva (2015), people from Arabic countries read less among other nations around the globe, approximately quarter of a page per annum, so the Arabic countries tend to be problematic in case of reading habits. Lack of reading habits is a significant problem since it is a main catalyst of illiteracy all over globe. People should follow their favorite celebrities or idols in the aspect of reading books.Today, people all over the world prefer toShow MoreRelatedMy Year Of High School910 Words   |  4 Pagesfinished my junior year of high school I’ve gotten by thus far with lazy study techniques that don’t require much effort and grab an A or B. But have I retained all the information I spent many an hour studying for? Vaguely. This is due to my poor study habits. I am a procrastinator; it’s possibly my most favorite and least favorite thing to do at the same time. I don’t try to procrastinate it’s possibly just an innate skill of mine. When I would rather binge watch Netflix or play video games on my PlayStationRead MoreTeaching English For Young Learner815 Words   |  4 Pagesarticles and any reading materials, uncovering the concept and the issues on the practice of TEYL in Indonesia. Given those inputs during the course period, the improvement takes pla ce on my knowledge, skills, attitudes, and habits of mind. In terms of knowledge, I gain more confidence in my declarative knowledge about the characteristics of children, the principles of their development and the way they learn language especially in learning English as Foreign Language. Besides, after reading some journalRead MorePsychology - Obesity Case1177 Words   |  5 Pagesattach your reading in your portfolio: Answer: The topic that we are going to test and discuss is Obesity. 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A â€Å"sixRead MoreReading Comprehension Difficulty in English Subject of Grade 5 Pupils in Balnasan Elementary School, School Year 2010-2011.1671 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT Title: READING COMPREHENSION DIFFICULTY IN ENGLISH SUBJECT OF GRADE 5 PUPILS IN BALNASAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, SCHOOL YEAR 2010-2011. Researcher: JOY D. MORADO School: BALNASAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SAN ROQUE, SAN ROQUE N. SAMAR School Year: 2010 – 2011 ------------------------------------------------- Reading Comprehension Difficulty in English Subject is one of the problems encountered by the grade 5 pupilsRead MoreIs Voting For Young People?1286 Words   |  6 PagesFor Young People?,† in which he expresses the absence of young voters in election polls and lack political involvement in the United States of American and other established democracies. In his 2011 third edition of his book he compiles and explains the many variables attained in understanding this peculiar development. Variables such as the changes in technology and generational gaps, issues such as lack of civil engagement and possibly solutions to the lacking of young voters in the future. ProfessorRead MoreCollege Students Drop Out Of School971 Words   |  4 Pagescommon problem to everyone. According to Marion Terry’s article, â€Å"The Effects that Family Members and Peers Have on Students’ Decisions to Drop out of School† says, â€Å"the alcoholic father was unable to cope with raising three sons alone. Then his kids have to quit school to work full time in order to supplement the family income† (29). That is cause how stress for the kids when they go to school to study and they have to think how to make money for the family or their tuition fee. With the problem theyRead MoreHealth Problem Analysis Worksheet Essay638 Words   |  3 Pages â€Å"Health Problem Analysis Worksheet† and through reading Chapter 2 in the book Public Health: What it is and How it Works. The purpose of the â€Å"Health Problem Analysis Worksheet† was to pick a disease, I chose diabetes, and to determine the determinants, direct contributing factors and the indirect contributing factors. Turnock (2011, p.73) defines determinants as a scientific factor that relates directly to the health problem and is one of the primary risk factors of the health problem. When creatingRead MoreTaking a Look at Boys and Education Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesright to vote. In recent years, women have found themselves equal to men, yet the new problem at hand is whether the world has focused soo much attention on the equal rights of women that males have been left to fall behind. Education used to be something rare among females, but now young women are striving in literature, while young men are falling behind. Schools are now designed to favor the females, and lack materials that males would find beneficial. Schools do not help boys achieve academicRead More The Importance o f Nutrition and Sleeping Habits In The Classroom913 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Nutrition and Sleeping Habits In The Classroom Having good nutrition and sleeping habits is very important for education. It is important for children and adolescents to perform well in the classroom so that they get the most out of their education. Having poor sleeping habits or poor eating habits can have many harmful effects on a child’s classroom performance. If children have good eating habits as well as good sleeping habits they will perform better and be able to live

Can An Organ Transplant Change A Recipient s Personality

Can an Organ Transplant Change a Recipient s Personality? There are roughly seven billion people who live on the earth many people are healthy but, there are some who are sick. One of the main surgeries that are needed in the world is organ transplants more than one hundred twenty thousand people in The United States alone need organ transplants. Organ donation is a huge problem around the world, the need for organs is way higher than the organs donated. So, when there is a need greater that what is there that is when the black market comes into play. The black market is a terrible thing people with abducting children just for their organs, which then the black market goes and sells for over one hundred and sixty thousand dollars (Borreli, 2013). Even through all that there are still some people out there who donate their organs to help the people in need. Organ donation might not just be giving the recipients a new organ they might be giving them a new life. All thought there is not a lot of evidence there still quite a bit of it. The cau ses of the phenomenon are that the heart has memory’s stored in the organs, the kidney and liver have had a few cases on this cell memory theory and how does the cell memory theory work. The cell memory theory is still not one hundred percent verified, it is still supported by a handful of scientists and physicians. The cell memory theory works on how the memory of certain things the donor liked or disliked would be stored in the neuronsShow MoreRelatedAbout Face: the Face Transplant Debate6103 Words   |  25 PagesAbout Face: The Face Transplant Debate By Sherri L. Rodney-Kahle HCA 322 Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Professor Dolores Thomas July 13, 2009 About Face – The Great Face Transplant Debate The first successful human organ transplant in the United States was performed on December 23, 1954. On that date, a kidney was successfully transplanted, with the organ donated by a living identical twin of the recipient (Kaserman, 2007). More than fifty years have now passed since that firstRead MoreWilson s Disease : Disease1032 Words   |  5 Pagesare diagnosed with Liver disease first before showing other signs causing doctors to continue testing and alter treatments. Wilson’s disease is named for a British physician named Samuel Alexander Wilson, who as a neurologist found pathological changes in the brain that actually stemmed from problems with the liver. Later, neuropathologist John Cummings looked into the causes of the disease as well. What he found was that the cause was linked to copper, or more precisely too much copper buildingRead MoreThe Ethics of Cloning Essay example1453 Words   |  6 Pagesmaking human clones a reality. An ethical basis for the rejection or acceptance of cloning in science can be based around several different theories of morality. Interestingly, those supporting a Utilitarian approach, seeking the greatest good for the greatest number, can be found on both sides of the issue. Some advocates of cloning argue that allowing society to benefit from cloned organs, for example, will outweigh the detrimental consequences of that may result from the abuse of cloning technologyRead MoreDaniel Dennett s Where Am I?1409 Words   |  6 PagesOklahoma. In an effort to preserve Dennett’s brain during the mission, scientists surgically remove it from his body and broadcast all of its outputs via radio. Then they hook Dennett’s body up to respond to the output signals and his nerve/ sensory organs are set up to broadcast back to his brain (in a vat in Houston). In his new life, he experiences minor signal lags and alcohol has lost its intoxicating effects, but apart from that there’s not much difference in experience. Though, once he settlesRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal1875 Words   |  8 Pagesto cease their pain and suffering with a painless medication prescribed by a physician when they feel their quality of life has diminished, and is no longer worth living. With this option available, people can exercise their rights over their body and life, die with a sense of dignity, make organs available to patients who need them if it were legal, and it removes the physician from the death directly leaving it to be a personal exit to one’s life. Physician Assisted Suicide is said to violate theRead More Can Cloning and Christianity Coexist Essay3330 Words   |  14 PagesCan Cloning and Christianity Coexist Cloning is an exciting and ongoing field of study with many great possibilities, and negative drawbacks; this leaves many Christians wrestling with the idea of cloning, trying to decide where to stand on, for or against it. 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Wuthering Heights Character Analysis - 831 Words

Every person has a background story that makes them who they are today. In Emily Bronte’s novel, Wuthering Heights, she demonstrates how anger, hatred, and revenge all create enemies and eventually the character’s downfall. Being an outsider to the Earnshaw family from the very beginning, Heathcliff’s heritage and peculiar disappearance within the book shape his relationships throughout the novel why he might despise the residents of both estates. Heathcliff is introduced at the beginning of the book by our part time narrator, Mr. Lockwood and later by the second narrator Nelly. When Lockwood first meats Heathcliff is is disgusted but ultimately drawn towards him as he obviously make several visits. Heathcliff is first described as a†¦show more content†¦This bottled up anger and hate kept inside is used as fuel for Heathcliff to come back better than Edgar Linton, who steals Catherine from Heathcliff as the plot thickens. When the person of their dream s rejects the main character, the main character bottles up their emotions and use it against anyone who stands in their path to complete acceptance or in this case revenge. The vengeance that Heathcliff desires is fueled by the mistreatment from the people that reside in Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. When a person’s pride is ruined, they often try to mend it and prove to the people who ruined it that they were wrong and deserved better. Bronte uses Heathcliff’s three year absence for him to become educated and make in fortune. This only adds to his perplexing origin. Many of the residents in both estates have no idea where he got his money from. Some try to treat him with respect, like Edgar Linton, but people like Hindley didn’t care and still mistreated Heathcliff. So where did Heathcliff go? In Wuthering Heights, Nelly suggests that he went abroad; â€Å"It was a deep voice, and foreign in tone; yet there was something in the manner of pronounci ng my name which made it sound familiar.† (Bronte) and that he may have been in the army. â€Å"His upright carriage suggested the idea of his having been in the army.† (Bronte). The suggestion that HeathcliffShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights1954 Words   |  8 PagesCharacter Analysis of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights In Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights, each character is a unique and plays an important role in tying the story together. All characters are related to one another in their own special way. They overlap and interconnect their faith and destinies to make an outstanding plot and theme and turn Emily Brontes novel to be a true masterpiece of World Literature. The most important character, which possesses the readersRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Character Names In Wuthering Heights1654 Words   |  7 PagesCharacter Names (come back to) Lockwood, a prospective tenant at Thrushcross Grange, is who Nelly tells her story to. It is her explanation to him that the readers learn about most of the events that occurred at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Heathcliff, a mild-mannered owner of Wuthering Heights, has a relationship with Catherine that demonstrates how class distinctions dictated romantic life and life in general in the 18th and 19th century. Joseph, a grumpy servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Heathcliff In Wuthering Heights702 Words   |  3 Pages Heathcliff is a very interesting character. In the novel Wuthering Heights Heathcliff starts out as a protagonist and turns into an antagonist. Heathcliff is described as diabolical, yet he loves Catherine deeply. His deep love for Catherine causes him to seek revenge against the man she married. Heathcliff hurts everyone he comes in contact with in his plot for revenge. Heathcliff comes to Wuthering Heights as a young orphan boy. He is loved by Mr. Earnshaw and Catherine but despised by HindleyRead MoreWuthering Heights By Emily Bronte1555 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Wuthering Heights (1847) by Emily Brontà « Introduction The novel Wuthering Heights was written in 1847 by Emily Brontà «. The plot unravels with Lockwood visiting his landlord at Wuthering Heights; as Lockwood stays the night, he starts to discover items within the home and later a fatal vision appears, which causes him great curiosity. Lockwood returns back to his residence at Thrushcross Granges and listens to the history of his landlord, Heathcliff; told by an old servant at Wuthering HeightsRead MoreThe Depth of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights884 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through imagination as a child, Bronte’ and her sisters would write children stories, which inspired some popularly known novels. Wuthering Heights contains crossing genres, changing settings, multiple narrators, and unreliable narrators. George R. R. Martin wrote the book Game of Thrones, which is one of the modern day novels that contain se veral of Emily Bronte’s writing techniquesRead MoreEssay on The Depth of Emely Brontes Wuthering Heights1345 Words   |  6 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’, although she first published her novels under a gentleman’s name. Her famous novel has become a classic in English literature. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through her child imagination, Bronte’ and her siblings would write children stories. â€Å"Emily’s childhood created an imaginary nation, originating from the numerous poems devoted to the doings of the Gondals† (Bradner 129). The ‘Gondal’ poems they wrote inspiredRead MoreEmily Brontes Wuthering Heights: Mental Illness and Feminism1663 Words   |  7 Pages Novels are often taken by the reader at face value, and are never looked into on a deeper level. It is important to search for more than what is seen in a literary work. Wuthering Heights is a great example of a book with its own hidden secrets that can surface with a little research. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights depicts the oppression of women from mentally unstable individuals. Overview of Author Emily Bronte was born in Yorkshire, England on July 30, 1818 (â€Å"Emily Jane Bronte 1), to a familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria Embry Outside Reading Analysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century;Read More The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel,807 Words   |  4 PagesThe presentation of Mr. Lockwood in Wuthering Heights The novel, Wuthering Heights, begins in the year 1801. The presentation of Mr. Lockwood in â€Å"Wuthering Heights† ======================================================= The novel, â€Å"Wuthering Heights†, begins in the year 1801, where we as readers are firstly introduced to the character Mr. Lockwood. Mr. Lockwood narrates the entire novel throughout, almost like an entry in his diary. Lockwood, a young London gentleman, is a newcomerRead MoreThe Importance Of Society And Class In Wuthering Heights1613 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Brontà « uses her novel Wuthering Heights to showcase how the constraints of one’s class, while only enforced by will, can take control over one’s autonomy and desires. Brontà « accomplishes this in her depiction of the characters Catherine Earnshaw Linton and Heathcliff. Catherine begins the novel as a tomboyish girl, with no intentions of becoming a â€Å"lady† as defined by the society of her time. She only begins to want to conform to feminine roles when she is introduced to the expectations of

Back to the Moon Free Essays

More than thirty years after America’s first landed on the moon, the current President of the United States, George W. Bush, recently announced his plan of sending American astronauts back to the moon (BBC News). The President’s target is to accomplish this goal by the year 2015 (Lane, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Back to the Moon or any similar topic only for you Order Now The project can be said to be merely preliminary to Bush’s more flamboyant plan, which is to prepare the exploration to Mars. Moreover, the program also intends to make up for the setbacks experienced by the United States space program, such as the Columbia shuttle disaster (BBC News). The Columbia disaster prompted Bush and a group of administration officials to develop a new plan that would use the existing space shuttles to â€Å"complete assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) by 2010† (Lane, 2004). Bush revealed his new vision for the United States human space program in a speech delivered at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) headquarters. He called for the retirement of the space shuttle to give way for building new space vehicles that would, in the future, allow travel to Mars (Lane, 2004). The space shuttle is expected to fly in about 13 or 14 more missions before its expected retirement in 2010 (Hunt, 2007; BBC News). Bush’s vision also calls for the use of robots and human manpower in the exploration of the moon. The ultimate aim of the vision is to prepare the moon as a living base and to develop means for explorations to Mars (BBC News). The Space Shuttle The space shuttle is a brainchild of improvements and inventions in rocketry. The craft contains three main engines that provide huge amounts of force compared to previous spacecrafts. It also boasts of a reusable engine and engines that weighs quite lightly considering their power (The History of Moon Exploration). Considering its characteristics, it is no wonder that Boeing boasts of it as the â€Å"most sophisticated human-rated launch vehicle in the history of space flight† (Boeing). The space shuttle had its first flight in 1981, and since then it was able to aid more than a hundred missions involving hundreds of astronauts (Boeing). Boeing claims that the spacecraft still has 75 percent of its design life to spare (Boeing). The space shuttle plays a major role in sustaining the International Space Station, being the ISS’ heavy-lift cargo vehicle. The space shuttle is responsible for having lifted the now existing structure in orbit, which comprises two-thirds of the ISS (Boeing). Bush wants to retire the space shuttle by 2010 at the earliest, hoping that by then the International Space Station is already complete (Hunt, 2007; BBC News). Bush also hopes that by the said time, the Crew Exploration Vehicle already becomes operational (Hunt, 2007; BBC News). However, before such goals are realized and as long as the shuttle remains safe to carry on its tasks, it shall remain as the primary spacecraft aiding the United States’ projects towards space (Boeing). Picture 2. The Space Shuttle. Photo retrieved March 6, 2007, from www. boeing. com/†¦ / hsfe_shuttle/what_is. html The Crew Exploration Vehicle Bush’s vision is an echo of a similar dream by his father in 1989, which did not come to fruition because the cost estimates ballooned up to $400 billion (Lane, 2004). Working on the premise that the desire to explore is part of human character, Bush said that his dream is to build space vehicles that could travel far beyond the capacity of the space shuttle, which only reaches 386 miles (Lane, 2004). Bush thus announced his plans to develop a new spacecraft called the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV). This vehicle would be the first to take man to outer space since the Apollo spaceships (BBC News). The CEV is expected to be a versatile crewed vehicle that could carry American teams in a mission projected to be undertaken in 2014 or 2015. The CEV is expected to begin flight tests by the year 2008 (Lane, 2004). The CEV’s look is designed to look similarly with the bullet-like style of the Apollo-style command module (Lane, 2004). Aside from the design, however, NASA administrator Sean O’Keefe says that no design has yet been approved regarding the way of keeping the CEV boosted in the air (Lane, 2004). Robots in Space It is believed by some that robotic exploration is more beneficial than human exploration, since the former is less expensive (The Washington Post Writers Group, 2007). Moreover, Professor Robert Park of the University of Maryland claim that robots have less physical limitations than humans, which means robots have better chances of discovering scientific finds over humans (BBC News). Even other countries that spend resources on space explorations, such as China and Russia, are encouraged to use robots in such ventures (BBC News). There are current efforts using robots in space exploration. Just recently, the United States celebrated the successful landing of its robot rover Spirit on Mars (BBC News). Budgetary Constraints Since the previous space plans formulated by Bush’s father failed because of budgetary constraints (Lane, 2004), Bush is careful to get around the same drawback. Naturally, huge projects such as space explorations would cost loads of money and other resources. Thus, Bush’s ambitious new vision would entail modifications on the current budget of the NASA. The NASA currently has a five-year budget plan. However, Bush requests a $1 billion boost on this budget (Lane, 2004). This means that additional $200 million per year would be allotted for the project (Lane, 2004). This amounts to a 5% yearly increase to NASA’s current budget, which amounts to $15. 4 billion per year (BBC News). A rise of another 1% after the first three years is also requested by the U. S. President (BBC News). It is reported that Bush wants that $11 billion from the existing budget be earmarked for his new vision (Lane, 2004). The exact cost of the vision was not given (BBC News), but one thing is certain: the budget would have to be approved by Congress. (Lane, 2004). The White House, however, maintains that a â€Å"sustained focus over time† would help keep the budget for the exploration in check (Lane, 2004). There is also a need to reorient the current programs of NASA, so that NASA would not exceed its current spending, which only amounts to less than 1 percent of the federal budget, despite the additional goal (Lane, 2004). The Orion Currently, a ship has been built to carry humans to the moon. This spacecraft, called the Orion, is scheduled to debut in 2014 (Hunt, 2007). However, budgetary constraints will cause a delay of about four to six months. The Orion is now set to fly in 2015 (Hunt, 2007). NASA administrator Michael Griffin stated that Congress only approved the amount in NASA’s budget in 2006, which means that the approved budget is $545 million short of Bush’s request (Hunt, 2007). NASA does not welcome this lack of funding and the concomitant delay in the project, as strategic and practical concerns such as the degradation of equipment and facilities, besiege the institution (Hunt, 2007). A Brief History of Explorations to the Moon A brief review of the development of moon exploration is in order, so that a clear perspective can be had as to the propriety and utility of Bush’s proposed space exploration. Chinese astronomers were perhaps the first people to notice the Moon. For thousands of years, man has been captivated by the Moon, and man’s curiosity for it has been first assuaged by the invention of the telescope in 1609 (The History of Moon Exploration). The telescope, invented by Leppershey, made thorough observations possible despite the immense distance between the Earth and the Moon (The History of Moon Exploration). However, this invention was a double-edged sword: man developed an even more intense curiosity for the moon, leading man to dream of someday setting foot on the distant place (The History of Moon Exploration). Because of the enormous distance of the Moon from the Earth, reaching it would only be possible through flight. Unfortunately, air transportation took quite a while to be fully developed. The groundbreaking invention of the Wright brothers can be considered the first step towards space travel, because they invented the aeroplane, which allowed man to fly (The History of Moon Exploration). In 1943, another milestone in space exploration occurred with the development of rocketry by Von Braun. Braun was responsible for the A 4, which was the first successful ballistic rocket (The History of Moon Exploration). Despite the United States’ exposure to the latest technology at the time, such as the rocketry of Braun, it was Russia that made one of the most significant developments in space exploration. 1957 witnessed the launch of Sputnik I, which was the first artificial satellite in space (The History of Moon Exploration). Russia was also the first to take pictures of the Moon. In 1959, its Luna satellites were able to obtain pictures of the far side of the Moon (The History of Moon Exploration). In 1963, the United States followed in the affair of obtaining pictures in space. Its Mariner Series satellites were able to acquire detailed pictures of Venus, and a year later, of Mars (The History of Moon Exploration). Saturn rockers were the next to be developed by the United States; these rockets were later used to power the Apollo Missions (The History of Moon Exploration). The country also ventured into designing moon landing vehicles, and was successful with Surveyor 6 and the Lunar Module, which proved that rocketry could bring man to the Moon (The History of Moon Exploration). The United States is also responsible for the Command and Service Module, a vehicle designed for the trip back to Earth from the Moon (The History of Moon Exploration). Man’s First Walk on the Moon The United States has the credit for sending the first man to walk on the Moon. On 21 July 1969, the whole world watched in awe as clips of Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the Moon were aired in international television (BBC News). The video clips were taken by television cameras installed on the Eagle landing craft (BBC News). How to cite Back to the Moon, Papers

Facebook trouble with User Privacy Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Facebook trouble with User Privacy. Answer: Introduction: Privacy in internet implies the security of personal published data from being tampered or misused by using several technology guided by laws and regulations. There are several websites that requires users details to allow them access into the web pages. It is of utmost importance to maintain the identity and information of any of the users by those website. Facebook has been one such website which has been recently facing issues with their users privacy. Facebook was founded and launched by Mark Zuckerberg with 4 of his friend in 2009 (Franken 2011). At present it is the most widely used socializing site over the world. The trouble that this website has been facing has been discussed. Executive Summary: During the year 2010 it has been highlighted that the option default to public is the most dangerous one whereby criminals and cyber hackers can get hold of many useful information about any particular individual and even about any company (Thompson 2012). Reported evidence states that an old lady was robbed of few several thousand dollars in lieu of false information. There are some web pages which on regular basis, automatically post pictures and writings on the walls of those users who liked them. In addition, when any person deletes or de-activates their accounts in Facebook, the data remains with the authority that can provide it to an third party vendor and advertiser. A report published on an esteemed daily stated that Facebook has announced of sharing its users phone numbers and address to a third party developer. If any hacker wants then they can even get access to the users e-mail, date of birth and approximation of the persons income. Young children are more vulnerable wit h the changing policy of Facebook (Fox-Brewster 2016). Moreover, the fact that this website helps its users in finding their friends based on certain search criteria like location, schools; workplace and so on itself suggests that it has been busy tampering its users privacy. Recently it is even not allowing people to use pet names or fake names in creating profile and hence even if one wants they cannot hide their identity. On other hand, without prior information the website often changes its outlook and security system. Previously if any person wants they could have kept themselves hidden from public search engine but at present Facebook have removed that option and now anyone can search any person by just typing their names. CEO Mark Zuckerberg has promised its users to provide safety and privacy thought yet complete is unavailable till now. Hence, people should have to be careful in sharing any pictures, comments or posts in FB in order to protect their own privacy. They should also not tamper into the privacy of other users under ethical grounds which Facebook might have not been able to provide. References Fox-Brewster, T. (2016).Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/06/29/facebook-location-tracking-friend-games/#34b70f9f35f9 [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Franken, A. (2011).Facebook Privacy Issues. [online] Huffingtonpost.com. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/facebook-privacy-issues/ [Accessed 8 May 2017]. Thompson, D. (2012).Facebook's 10 Most Serious Threats, According to Facebook. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/02/facebooks-10-most-serious-threats-according-to-facebook/252398/ [Accessed 8 May 2017].

Administrative Law

Question: Discuss about the two acts the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) the Privacy Act. And how FOIA and Privacy Act are necessary in todays times for United States. Answer: Introduction In this essay we are discussing two acts the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) the Privacy Act. And how FOIA and Privacy Act are necessary in todays times for United States. In this essay we also determine the effect lobbying has on public opinion of these Acts. Andwe examine whether lobbying rules and regulations regarding these two Acts should be changed. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (FOIA)act originate in heading 5 of the United States Code, Section 552. The Freedom of Information Act is a federal statute. The act provides that any individual has a right to demand access to federal agency records. FOIA also establishes an assumption that data in the control of agencies and departments of the Executive Branch of the U. S. administration are available to the people. Except to the amount the data are protected from revelation by any of exemptions contained in the rule or by one of three particular rule enforcement data exclusions (U.S. Department of State, N.D). FOIAhas its applicability only to federal agencies and it not gives any right of admission to data detained by Congress, law tribunal, state or local administration agencies (Homeland security, 2016). Exemptions The exemption categories that authorize government agencies to withhold information are: Classified data for national defense or overseas policy. Interior personnel system and practices. Information exempted under different laws. deal secrets and undisclosedtrade information Inter-agency or intra-agency memoranda are secluded by lawfulbenefits. Personnelandmedicinalrecords. information concerned with bank management physical and geophysical data Exclusions Congress provided special protection in the FOIA for 3 narrow categories of law enforcement and national security records.The provisions protecting those records are known as exclusions. First Exclusion protects the survival of an ongoing criminal law enforcement examination .When the topic of the investigation is ignorant that it is awaiting and revelation could reasonably be expected to hinder with enforcement proceedings. Second Exclusion is restricted to criminal rule enforcement agencies and it protects the survival of informerdata when the informants rankis not establishedofficially.Third Exclusion is restricted to the FBI and it protects the survival of overseascleverness or counterintelligence, or globalviolencedata when the survival of such records is classified. Recordsnot come under exclusion are not the topicnecessities of the FOIA(U.S. Department of State, N.D) The Privacy Act ThePrivacy Act of 1974providessafety against attack of individualprivacy through the mistreatment of data byfederal Agencies (U.S. Department of State: Freedom of Information Act)ThePrivacy Act allows aninhabitant to study how records are composed, maintained, used, and how it is dispersed by the federal administration. ThePrivacy Act permits a human being to boost its admission to most private data maintained by central agencies. And to look for alteration of any imprecise, unfinished, premature, or immaterial information (U.S. House of Representatives) The Privacy Actappliesonly to the data that are positioned in a system of records. We can define systems of records is a collection of any datain charge of any agency from which data is retrieved by the name of the human being or by other identifying figure, sign, other identifying exacting assigned to the human being. Act guarantees 3 mainprivileges: Right to see the data about oneself, but it is subjected to the Privacy Act exemptions; Right to ask for the alteration of data that are not correct, pertinent, opportune or complete. The right of persons to be safeguarded against unnecessaryattack of their privacyresultant from the collection, preservation, utilize, and revelation of personal information. Any person who is citizen of U.S.A or unfamiliarlegally admitted for lasting residence, may create a demand for individual information on his behalf under the Privacy Act. There are certain steps to be followed to create a Request for Personal Records. Requirements made under the Act will be processed together under both acts to make sure the most access to your individual records. The dissimilarityamong FOIA and PA? The main Dissimilarity among The FOIA and PA is that FOIA is an in order access regulation, whereas the PA is an in orderdefenseregulation with incompleteadmission provisions. Any person may present a FOIA request for any type of record, but a PA demand may only be made by the human being or by their lawfullycertified representativewhich is enclosedin the requested records. In spite ofto which law wequoteour request, we should processour demand under those act that gives us themaximumquantity of admission (Federal law enforcement training centers, 2015) FOIA and Privacy Act are necessary Persons can make use of the FOIA to getorganizationdataconnecting tothemselves, all should also be conscious of their options to make use ofthe Privacy Act for this purpose as well. Necessities for individualdata should be made together under FOIA and Privacy Act.FOIA, it only enables us togetadmission to suchRecords, Privacy Act establishes our right to accurate, alters, orWipe outdata, in which the data aboutus is not correct,Pertinent, opportune or complete. The Privacy Act permits to take legal action against the agency for negative response to right or alterour data,and for a negative response to give us access (Adler .A. R 2012). The right of entry provisions of FOIA and the Privacy Act overlap in part. Both laws havedissimilar procedures and different exemptions. Many times information exempted under 1 law will be a topic of revelation under the other law. If we want to take utmostbenefit of the laws, any person who wants to seek data should normally cite both laws. Any needs by a person for data that does not tell exclusively to him or her should be made only under FOIA. Congress intended that both laws should be considered together in the processing of requests for information. Administration agencies should mechanically handle requirements from persons in a way that will make the most of the quantity of data that is disclosable(U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 2012) Lobbying effects onthese Acts and lobbying rules and regulations regarding the acts should be changed. The rule of Lobbying legislation is intended to givedata to the community who is lobbying whom about what. The rule of Lobbying Act 2015 was signed into rule on 11 March 2015. The main reasonfor this act is to give a web-based list of Lobbying to make information obtainable to the community on the individuality of those communicating with chosen public officials on exact policy, lawmaking matters or potential decisions. Act also gives limitations and circumstances on the taking up of sure employments by surechosen officials for a particulartimewhen alikelydisagreement of attention arises. Act comes into effect on September 2015. Regulator of Lobbying Standards Commission is the Regulator of Lobbying. The Commission will supervise the completion of the list, check compliance, givedirection and help and when necessaryit inspects and follows the breaches of lawfulnecessities in due course. Standards Commission has a responsibility under the legislation to issue direction and information to encourageasympathetic of the legislation.Lobbying rules and regulations regarding these Acts should be changed but only to the extend it is beneficial to the public. References U.S. Department of State: Freedom of Information Act retrieved on 29-Aug-2016 from https://foia.state.gov/Learn/FOIA.aspx Homeland security(2016)Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)retrieved on 29-Aug-2016 from https://www.dhs.gov/freedom-information-act-foia U.S. House of Representatives (N.D), committee on oversight and government reform,a citizen's guide on using the freedom of information act and the privacy act of 1974 to request government recordsretrieved on 29-Aug-2016 fromhttps://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Citizens-Guide-on-Using-FOIA.2012.pdf Federal law enforcement training centers (2015), Guide To FOIA the Privacy Actretrieved on 29-Aug-2016 fromhttps://www.fletc.gov/guide-foia-privacy-act#WhatisthedifferencebetweentheFOIAandPA U.S. Department of State: Freedom of Information Act, Information Access Guide retrieved on 29-Aug-2016 from https://foia.state.gov/Request/Guide.aspx U.S. House of Representatives, committee on oversight and government reform,a citizen's guide on using the freedom of information act and the privacy act of 1974 to request government records, the privacy act of 1974retrieved on 29-Aug-2016 fromhttps://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Citizens-Guide-on-Using-FOIA.2012.pdf Adler .A. R (2012), STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE to using the Freedom of InformationAct,retrieved on 29-Aug-2016 fromhttps://www.skepticfiles.org/aclu/foia.htm Lamdan, S. (2012), protecting the Freedom of Information Act requestor: Privacy for information seekers,retrieved on 29-Aug-2016 from https://proxy1.ncu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ofsAN=77410145site=ehost-live